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Large Animal Medicine > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Salmonella: Signs

A

fever w/ leukopenia
colic w/ diarrhea
colic w/o diarrhea

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2
Q

Salmonella: Dx

A

signs, culture

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3
Q

Salmonella: Tx

A

supportive, anti-inflammatories, analgesia

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4
Q

Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (potomic fever): Signs

A

fever -> laminitis, diarrhea, abortion

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5
Q

Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (Potomic Fever): Dx

A

CBC ID

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6
Q

Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (Potomic Fever): Tx

A

oxytetracylcline

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7
Q

Clostridial Enterocolitis: Etiology

A

altered GI flora => Clostridum perfringens overgrowth

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8
Q

Clostridial Enterocolitis: Signs

A

necrotizing enterocolitis, severe toxemia, hemorrhagic diarrhea

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9
Q

Clostridail Enterocolitis: Dx

A

ELISA, PCR

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10
Q

Clostridial Enterocolitis: Tx

A

supportive

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11
Q

Cantharidin (Blister Beetle) Toxicosis: Signs

A

unresponsive pain, pollakuria, hematuria, cardio compromise

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12
Q

Cantharidin (Blister Beetle) Toxicosis: Dx

A

ID toxin

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13
Q

Cantharidin (Blister Beetle) Toxicosis: Tx

A

supportive

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14
Q

Right Dorsal Colitis: Etiology

A

phenylbutazone toxicicty

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15
Q

Choke: Classification

A

Primary - no underlying esophageal dysfunction (dental, behavior)
Secondary - direct issue w/ esophagus

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16
Q

Choke: Signs

A

profuse bilateral nasal discharge (food tinged), neck stretching, coughing

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17
Q

Choke: Dx

A

nasogastric tube, endosopy

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18
Q

Choke: Tx

A

sedation -> NG intubation and flush, treat underlying cause

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19
Q

SI Impaction: Tx

A

mineral oil, IV fluids

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20
Q

Duodenitis Proximal Jejunitis: Tx

A

gastric decompression, fluids

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21
Q

Cecal Impaction: Tx

A

NG intubation w/ DSS in water

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22
Q

Sand Impation: Tx

A

psyllium, mineral oil, sx

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23
Q

Left Dorsal Displacement: Tx

A

phenylephrine (splenic contraction), rolling

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24
Q

Liver: Enzymes

A

SDH - liver specific, acute
ALP - biliary specific, acute
AST - not liver specific, chronic
GGT - fairly liver specific, biliary specific, chronic

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25
Q

Icterus: Forms

A

unconjugated, conjugated

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26
Q

Unconjugated Icterus: Indicative of

A

hemolytic anemia, fasting

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27
Q

Conjugated Icterus: Indicative of

A

cholestatic dz if 25-30%

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28
Q

Secondary Photosensitization: Pathopysiology

A

Type III - phylloerythrin formation

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29
Q

Secondary Photosensitization: Signs

A

White areas

erythema -> edematous -> dry and stiff -> slough

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30
Q

Secondary Photosensitization: Tx

A

eliminate agent

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31
Q

Hepatic Encephalopathy: Signs

A

behavior change, wandering, head pressing, circling, seizures

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32
Q

Hepatic Encephalopathy: Pathophysiology

A

inc. ammonia + aromatic AA, dec. branched AA

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33
Q

Hepatic Encephalopathy: Tx

A

inc. branched AA (beet pulp), low protein diet

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34
Q

Idiopathic Acute Hepatic Dz: Risk Factor

A

tetanus antitoxin 6-8 wks prior

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35
Q

IAHD: Signs

A

abrupt onset, hepatic encphalopathy

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36
Q

IAHD: Lab

A

inc. bilirubin, AST, SDH, GGT

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37
Q

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicity: Pathophysiology

A

hepatocytes can’t divide being replaced by fibrous tissue => chronic liver failure

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38
Q

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicity: Dx

A

biopsy

39
Q

What drug do you avoid when treating Liver Dzs?

A

diazapam

40
Q

Hyperlipidemia: Pathophysiology

A

neg. energy balance

41
Q

Hyperlipidemia: Dx

A

serum triglyceride, chem

42
Q

Hyperlipidemia: Tx

A

treat primary dz, nutritional support

43
Q

Pars Intermedia Pituitary Dysfunction: Signs

A

“happy, hairy, hungry, horses”

delayed shedding, chronic recurrent laminitis, PU/PD, muscle wasting

44
Q

PIPD: Dx

A

chem, diurnal cortisol, ACTH Challenge, dex suppression test

45
Q

PIPD: Tx

A

lifelong, cyproheptadine, pergolide

46
Q

Equine Metabolic Syndrome: Signs

A

PIPD w/o delayed shedding + non-responsive to pergoloide

47
Q

Equine Metabolic Syndrome: Dx

A

CGIT

48
Q

Equine Metabolic Syndrome: Tx

A

eliminate sugars, exercise

49
Q

How much urine does a normal horse produce?

A

15-30ml/kg/day

50
Q

Acute Renal Failures: Etiologies

A

vasomotor - endotoxemia, shock

toxic - aminoglycosides, NSAIDs

51
Q

ARF: Dx

A

UA - isothenuria, casts

chem

52
Q

ARF: Tx

A

remove insult, fluid therapy

53
Q

Aminoglycosides Renal Toxicity: Signs

A

PU, depression, anorexia

54
Q

NSAID (phenylbutazone) Renal Toxicity: Signs

A

medullary crest necrosis => hypo-/iso-sthenuria

55
Q

Ataxic Gait Evaluation: Grading Components

A

weakness, spasticity, ataxia, proprioception

56
Q

Ataxic Gait Evaluation: Weakness

A

dragging, knuckling, buckling, stumbling

57
Q

Ataxic Gait Evaluation: Spacicity

A

hyporefexia - “tin soldier” gait

hyperreflexia - “high stepping” gait

58
Q

Ataxic Gait Evaluation: Ataxia

A

spacing of steps, unsteady placement

59
Q

Ataxic Gait Evaluation: Proprioception

A

truncal sway

60
Q

What is used to differentiate between LMN and UMN?

A

muscle tone

61
Q

Where do you take CSF for evaluation?

A

Atlanto-ocipital/lumbosacral

want to be caudal to lesion

62
Q

CSF Evaluation: Normal Values

A

TP less than 100
WBC less than 6/dL
RBC none

63
Q

Albumin Quotients: Use

A

indicates BBB abnormalities if inc.

64
Q

IgG Index: Use

A

indicates intrathecal IgG production if inc.

65
Q

Rabies: Dx

A

CSF, IFA of tactile hair

66
Q

Arboviral Dz: Common Name

A

Equine encrphalitis (reportable)

67
Q

Which Equine Encephalitis does the horse act as an amplifier?

A

VEE

68
Q

EEE: Signs

A

progressive hyperexcitability, head pressing, circling, blindness

69
Q

WEE: Signs

A

very stuperous

70
Q

VEE: Signs

A

colic, diarrhea, constipation

71
Q

Equine Encephalitis: Dx

A

signs, lymphocytosis on CSF, virus iso

72
Q

Equine Encephalitis: Tx

A

supportive, prevention (vx)

73
Q

West Nile: Signs

A

hind limb weakness, muscle fasciculations

74
Q

West Nile: Dx

A

ELISA, neutrophillia/mononuclear cytosis on CSF

75
Q

West Nile: Tx

A

supportive, prevention (vector control, vx)

76
Q

Tempohyoid Osteoarthropathy: Signs

A

acute unilateral vestiular + facial nerve signs

77
Q

THO: Dx

A

rads, signs

78
Q

THO: Tx

A

broad spectrum antimicrobials, DMSO/phenylbutazone

79
Q

Cervical Stenotic Myelopathy (Wobblers): Signs

A

symmetric ataxia, paresis, hind > forelimbs

80
Q

CVM: Lesion Types

A

static - can be seen w/o manipulation

dynamic - need manipulation to see

81
Q

CVM: Dx

A 
saggital ratio (spinal canal thickness/vertebral body thickness x 100%)
myelography - >/= 50% dec. in diameter
82
Q

What are normal Saggital Ratios of C4-C6, C7?

A

52%, 56%, below is abnormal

83
Q

CVM: Tx

A

less than 1yr - PACE diet

> 1yr - symptomatic, sx

84
Q

Equine Protozoal Myelitis: Signs

A

asymmetric ataxia w/ atrophy

85
Q

Equine Protozoal Myelitis: Dx

A

signs, Western Blot (tests antibodies)

86
Q

Equine Protozoal Myelitis: Tx

A

symptomatic, pyremethamine/sulfonamides (1st line), ponazuril (2nd line)

87
Q

Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy: Serovars

A

EHV-1 - North America

EHV-4 - Europe

88
Q

Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy: Signs

A

acute onset, paresis (truncal sway), ascending ataxia

89
Q

Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy: Dx

A

titers, virus iso, elevated TP w/ normal WBC on CSF

90
Q

Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy: Tx

A

anti-inflammatories, supportive

91
Q

Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy: Sisng

A

acute onset, UMN, symmetric ataxia, weakness, spasticity all 4 limbs

92
Q

EDM: Dx

A

spinal histo

93
Q

EDM Tx

A

poss. Vit. E suppliment

Large Animal Medicine (6 decks)

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