Ignore Flashcards
1
Q
what pharmacological class is a medication ending in “lol” belong to?
A
beta blockers
2
Q
what are the generic beta blockers you must know?
A
metoprolol propranolol carvedilol
3
Q
what pharmacoloigical class is a medication ending in “pril” belong to?
A
ACE inhibitors
4
Q
what are the generic ACE inhibitors that you must know?
A
lisnopril and enalapril
5
Q
what pharmacological class do medications endingin “cet” belong?
A
containing acetaminophen
6
Q
what are the two generic acetaminophen containing meds you must know
A
Lorcete and percocet
7
Q
what pharmacological class do medications ending in “pam” belong to?
A
benzodiazepines
8
Q
what are the two benzos that you must know?
A
lorazepam and diazepam
9
Q
what pharmacological class do meds ending with “zole” belong to?
A
Proton pump inhibitors
10
Q
what are the two proton pump inhibitor that you must know?
A
pantoprazole and lansoprazole
11
Q
what pharmacological class do medications ending in “cillin” belong to?
A
penicillins
12
Q
what are the two penicillins that you must know?
A
amoxicillin and amplicillin/subactam
13
Q
what are forms of meds that can be given orally?
A
capsule, powder, elixir, solution, tablet, syrup, pill, suspension, lozenges,
14
Q
what are forms of meds that can be given parenteral?
A
intravenoue, intramuscular, and subcutaneous
15
Q
what are forms of meds that can be given topically?
A
lotion, ointment, transdermal patch
16
Q
what are the four parts of pharmacokinetics?
A
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
17
Q
what is absorption?
A
from site of entry to blood stream
18
Q
what is distribution?
A
drug molecules move from blood stream throughout the body
19
Q
what is metabolism?
A
breaking down the drug into metabolites either inactive or active
20
Q
what is excretion?
A
removal of the drug and or metabolites from the body
21
Q
what organ is responsible for excretion of drugs?
A
Kidneys
22
Q
what is the order of slowest to quickest absorption?
A
oral, vaginal/rectal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, buccal/sublingual, endotracheal/inhaled, and intravenous
23
Q
what are side effects?
A
things that could happen to someone when taking a medication that are tolerable and predictable
24
Q
what are adverse effects?
A
things that could happen to a patient that are life threatening
25
what are iatogenic effects?
development of a disorder from the use of drug therapy?
26
what is an example of iatrogenic effect?
neutropenia due to the use of chemotherapy
27
what is considered a mild to moderate allergic reaction?
rash, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, urticaria
28
what is the treatment for mild to moderate allergic reactions?
antihistamines and corticosteroids
29
what is considered anaphylactic allergic reaction?
bronchospasms, CV collapse, and angioedema
30
what are the treatments for anaphylactic allergic reaction?
iv fluids, epi, bronchodialators, O2, corticosteroids, and antihistamines
31
what is a histamine?
a chemical released by mast cells involved in allergic reactions.
32
what is a idiosyncratic effect?
unusual or peculiar response to a drug that may show as overresponse, underresponse, or opposite of expected response
33
when thinking about drug interactions what is an additive effect?
drugs with similar mechanisms of action produce a greater effect
34
when thinking about drug interactions what is a synergistic displacement?
drugs with different mechanisms of action potentiate each other????
35
when thinking about drug interactions what is antagonistic?
combined drugs negate each other taking away effectiveness
36
when thinking about drug interactions what is inteference?
one drug interferes with the metabolism of another drug which leads to toxicity
37
when thinking about drug interactions what is displacement?
one drug binds to the site of another drug, displacing it and potentially raising concentration to toxic levels
38
what developmental considerations should you take into account when giving a pregnant women medication?
it can harm the fetus or it can be passed on through breast milk
39
what developmental considerations should you take into account when giving a child medications?
* Reduce size and
weight
* Reduce body water
* Decreased cardiac
output
* Decreased organ
perfusion
40
what developmental considerations should you take into account when giving older adults medications?
Delayed gastric
motility
* Decrease muscle
mass
* Decreased acid
production and
blood flow
* Impacts drug`
41
what is the expected age and weight of a healthy individual?
18-65 and 150lbs
42
what therapeutic class are beta blockers?
antihypertensives
43
what pharma class are beta blockers?
beta-adrenergic blockers
44
what are the therapeutic uses for beta blockers?
primarily hypertension
angina/chest pain
tachydysrhytmias
myocardial infaction
heart failure
45
what medication is used for tacyhdyrhytmias?
the beta blocker metoprolol
46
what medication is used for heart failure?
the beta blocker carvedilol
47
what is the pharmacological action of beta blockers
decrease cardiac output
decrease periphreal resistance
decrease cardiac oxygen consumption
will slow AV conduction
48
how do beta blockers decrease cardiac output?
they block the hormone epinephrine from binding to the receptor which slows heart rate and decreases the force of contraction
49
what is propanolol used for?
Lowers anxiety and prevents migranes
50
how do beta blockers decrease cardiac consumption of oxygen?
the heart does not beat as many times or as hard as it did so that decreased the amount of contractions which requires less oxygen
51
what are some side effects of beta blockers?
CNS: fatigue, dizziness, depression
* CV: bradycardia, HF, stroke.
* EENT: blurred vision, tinnitus, rhinitis
* GI: heartburn, dry mouth
* GU: decreased libido, erectile dysfunction
* Musculoskeletal: pain
* Respiratory: dyspnea, wheezing, bronchospa
sm
* Skin: rash, pruritus
52
what are the adverse side effects of beta blockers?
Bradycardia, heart failure, and stroke
53
when should you with hold beta blockers?
if blood pressure is below a certain order or if heart rate is below 60 bpm
54
what betablocker should diabetics not take?
propanolol
55
when should you cautiously use beta blockers?
hypotension...periphreal vascular disease...diabetes mellitus
56
what is the range of dosage for beta blockers?
25-100mg
57
what are the routes for taking beta blockers?
orally or IV
58
what glycemic issue do beta blockers mimmic?
hypoglycemia
59
when should beta blockers be given?
at night with or shortly after medications
60
what are signs that the beta blockers are working?
Absence of chest pain... absence of dysrhymias....normal BP...control of HF
61
what should you monitor when giving beta blockers?
vitals and glucose
62
what dfoes ACE stand for?
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
63
what are the generic ACE inhibitors that you must know?
lisinopril...catopril....enalapril
64
what therapuetic class are ACE inhibitors?
antihypertensives
65
what pharma class ace inhibitors?
ACE inhibitors
66
what is the pharma action of ACE inhibitors
interrupts rennin Angiotensin aldosterone RAAS
leads to vasodilation
Reduce pathological changes
67
what are the therapeutic uses of ACE inhibitors
hypertension
heart failure
Myocardial infarction
68
what are the side effects of ace inhibitors?
CNS: dizziness, headache, fatigue
* CV: orthostatic hypotension, hypotension, chest
pain.
* EENT: nasal congestion
* GI: diarrhea, nausea, dyspepsia.
* GU: impaired renal function
* Metabolic: hyperkalemia.
* Respiratory: dyspnea; dry, persistent, tickling,
nonproductive cough.
* Skin: rash.
* Other: angioedema.
69
what are the adverse effects of ace inhibitors?
hyperkalemia and angiodedema
70
what are the contraindications for ace inhibitors?
allergies and renal insufficiency/failure
71
what are the routes of taking ace inhibitors?
orally and occasionally iv
72
what therapeutic class are calcium channel blockers?
antihypertensives
73
what is the pharmacological class for calcium channel blockers?
calcium channel blockers
74
what do you need to look out for when giving ace inhibitors?
hyperkalemia
75
what med should you avoid when taking ace inhibitors?
NSAIDS
76
what food substance should you avoid when taking ACE
salt subs because they have potassium
77
what skin symptom should be reported to provider when taking ACE?
rash
78
what respiratory symptom should be reported to provider?
cough
79
what are the calcium channel blockers you have to know?
amlodipine....nifedipine....verapamil
80
what does ACE do to the body?
inhibit calcium ion influx on smooth muscle
dilate coronary artery and arterioles
decrease BP
decrease myocardial oxygen demand
81
what are the therpeutic uses for ACE?
decrease blood pressue
reduce chest pain
reduce heart rate
fix cardiac dysrhythmias
82
what med can a patient not drink grapefruit juice?
ACE
83
what should be given when angioedema is present?
losartin
84
why are ACE inhibitors given when a MI is present ?
to prevent scar tissue from occuring on heart
85
what are the contraindications for CCB?
cardiogenic shock
certain dysrhytmias
hypotension
86
what is the route for CCB?
oral, iv, or infusion
87
what should you teach patients on CCB?
do no crush or chew tablets, dont give grapefruit, change positions slowly
88
what are the diuretics you must know?
furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide
89
what is the therapeutic class of furosemide?
antihypertensives
90
what the pharma class of furosemide?
loop diueretics
91
what is the pharm action of diuretics?
blocks reabsorption of sodiums and water
92
what do diuretics cause patients to do frequently?
pee
93
when are diuretics used?
edema and hypertension
94
what are the contraindications of furosemide?
client with no urine output
dehydration
elevated bun
people who are hypokalmic
patients taking digoxin
95
what are the routes of absorption for furosemid?
oral, iv, im
96
what are the dosage ranges for furosemide?
20 to 100mg once or twice a day
97
what labs should you monitor when thinking about diuretics?
BUN, creatinine, potassium
98
can diuretics be potentially toxic to the kidney?
yes
99
what should you monitor when giving diuretics?
dysrhythmias and electrolytes
100
what should be limited for all diuretic patients/
alcohol
101
what time of the day should diuretics be taken?
early in the morning
102
what patient teaching should be given to those taking furosemide?
high potassium diet
limit alcohol
avoid exercise in the heat
slowly change positions
increased photosensitivity
additive effect with ace inhibitors`
103
what therapeutic class is hydrochlorothiazide?
diuretics
104
what pharma class is hydrochlorothiazide?
thiazide diuretics
105
how does hydrochlorothiazide work?
increased sodium and water excretion by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorbtion in distal part of the nephron
106
will hydrochlorothiazide work on those with renal impairment?
no
107
what are the uses for hydrochlorothiazide?
hypertension
edema from HF
diabetes insipidus
108
what are the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide?
dehydration and hypotension
109
what are the contraindications for hydrochlorothiazide
breast-feeding, renal failure, diabetes mellitus
110
why is hydrochlorothiazide a contraindication for diabetes mellitus?
it can cause hyperglycemia
111
what is the diabetes mellitus?
body does not produce enough insulin
112
what is diabetes insipidus?
body does not produce enough antidiuretic hormone.....
113
what are the routes of taking hydrochlorothiazide?
orally
114
what should be evaluated when taking hydrochlorothiazide?
electrolytes
BUN, creatinine, K,
Weight
BP, HR
115
what patient teaching should be talked about when giving hydrochlorothiazide?
take in the AM
limit alcohol
chang positions slowyl
take with meals
monitor glucose if diabetic
116
what is the non opiod analgesic?
acetaminophen
117
what is the pharma action for acetaminophen?
helps with pain and fever
118
what are the side effects of acetaminophen
acute toxicity
119
what are contraindications for acetaminophen
liver disease and allergies
120
what are the routes for taking acetaminophen
oral, iv, and rectal
121
what is the max dosage for adults when taking acetaminophen
4 grams every 24 hours
122
what should be avoided when taking acetaminophen?
alcohol
