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Host defense > IgE Immunology > Flashcards

IgE Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Allergic reactions are Type __ hypersensitivity reactions

A

Type 1

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2
Q

The ability to transfer reactivity to allergens by means of serum

A

Atopy

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3
Q

IgE has binding sites for these high affinity receptors

A

Fc epsilon

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4
Q

Number of Fc regions on the Fc for binding

A

2 (CH4 and CH3)

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5
Q

Basophils are circulating ________

A

Leukocytes

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6
Q

Major subtypes of mast cells

A

MC(T) cells (tryptase)

MC(TC) cells (tryptase and mast cell-specific chymase)

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7
Q

Location of MC(T) cells

A

Mucosa of respiratory and GI tracts. Increase with inflammation

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8
Q

Location of MC(TC) cells

A

Connective tissue (dermis, submucosa of GI tract, heart, conjunctivae, and perivascular tissues)

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9
Q

Common component of many of the environmental antigens

A

They contain chitin-polysaccharide (not found in mammals)

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10
Q

Immunodominant peptides are presented in which loci

A

Class II D MHC loci by dendritic cells, in concert with non-MHC genes

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11
Q

Genetic dictation of response of child with 2 atopic parents

A

50%

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12
Q

Likelihood of child with no atopic parents becoming atopic

A

15%

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13
Q

Sites of tight control of IgE serum levels

A

MHC linked genes, maternal genes on chromosome 11, and others

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14
Q

3 keys to developing an allergy

A

1) Exposure (high level of exposure early in life, combined with relative lack of exposure to disease antigens that elicit Th1 and Th2 responses)
2) Route (delivery to mucosal surfaces)
3) Genetic predisposition

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15
Q

Cytokines that are produced in allergic reaction

A

IL-4, instead of IL-12. DC cells uptake allergen via “allergic” TLR

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16
Q

Cytokine profile of allergic reaction

A

IL-4, IL-13

IL-4 is the critical signal from the Th-2 cell to an allergen specific B-cell

17
Q

These can produce IL-4, which then activate epsilon germ-line transcription in B-cells, resulting in IgE synthesis

A

Mast cells, basophils, and Th2

18
Q

Promotion of IgE class switching via up-regulation of this

A

CD23, aka Fc epsilon RII receptor

19
Q

Arming vs. activation of Fc epsilon receptors cells

A

Arming: binding to high affinity IgE Fc receptors
Activating: cross-linking the IgE previously bound to Fc epsilon R receptors by subsequent receptors.

20
Q

Signal transduction activates these subsequent steps

A

Ca2+ influx into armed mast cells/basophils

Degranulation of potent vasoactive, inflammatory, and fibrogenic mediators

21
Q

High affinity IgE Fc receptor

A

FcεRI

22
Q

Low affinity IgE Fc receptor

A

FcεRII

23
Q

This IgE Fc receptor controls B cell growth and differentiation

A

FcεRII

24
Q

This IgE Fc receptor plays a critical role in promoting degranulation and phagocytosis

A

FcεRI

25
Q

Immediate allergic reaction

A

Release of prostaglandin and leukotrienes

Direct complement activation by tryptase cleavage

26
Q

Late phase is completely dependent upon ____________

A

T-cell activation

Cytokines IL3, 4, 5, 13, TNF-alpha, CM-CSF, and IL-10

27
Q

Characteristic of late allergic reaction

A

Eosinophils, neutrophils, additional mast cells, basophils, and lymphocytes

28
Q

Role of IL-5 in late allergic reaction

A

IL-5 stimulates release of eosinophils from bone marrow, and augments effects of eotaxin
Increases Fc epsilon R display

29
Q

Unique inflammatory enhancers produced by eosinophils

A

Major basic protein (also called PRG2), leukotrienes, and cationic proteins

30
Q

Skin lesions that occur when IgE armed mast cells are activated in the skin

A

Urticaria, aka hives

31
Q

Allergin binding to cells in nasal submucosa, inciting chronic allergic inflammatory reaction driven by continuous aeorallergen exposure

A

Allergic rhinitis

32
Q

IgE armed cells recruited to submucosal sites of pulmonary bronchi

A

Acute and chronic bronchial asthma

33
Q

The MOST important factor in arriving at the correct diagnosis in cases concerning allergy

A

Careful clinical history

34
Q

NOT the most important factor in arriving at the correct diagnosis in cases concerning allergy

A

Blood/skin tests

35
Q

RAST

A

Blood test with solid-phase allergen and radio-labeled anti-IgE

36
Q

These types of exposures to allergen dominate

A

Mucosal

37
Q

ONLY FcR THAT CAN BE OCCUPIED BY ANTIBODY WITHOUT ANTIGEN

A

Fc epsilon receptor

38
Q

Important type of immunotherapy

A

SLIT (sublingual immunotherapy) or SCIT (subcutaneous immunotherapy)

39
Q

Difference between angioedema and urticaria

A

Angioedema is lesion below the skin

Host defense (9 decks)

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