IFSTA - Chapter 16 Flashcards
NFPA 1901
Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus
- All aerial apparatus must meet the design requirements
- Groups aerials into 3 categories:
1. Aerial Ladders
2. Elevating Platform
3. Water towers
PG 542
Aerial Apparatus
- Fire fighting vehicle equipped with a hydraulically operated ladder, elevating platform, or other similar device for the purpose of placing personnel and/or water streams in elevated positions
PG 543
Aerial Device
General term used to describe the hydraulically operated ladder or elevating platform attached to a specially designed fire apparatus
PG 543
Aerial Ladder
Power-operated ladder, usually employing hydraulics, that is mounted on a special truck
- Can be either rear or midmounted, or on a tillered trailer
- Fully extended (working) length = 50-137ft
PG 543
Tillered Trailer
Trailer equipped with steerable rear wheels
PG 543
Aerial Ladder Truss
Assembly of bracing bars or rods in triangular shapes that form a rigid framework for the aerial device
PG 543
NFPA 1901
Establishes the number of sections and minimum reach required of an aerial apparatus
PG 543
Bed Section
Bottom section of the aerial ladder
PG 544
Fly Section
Extendable section of ground extension or aerial ladder
PG 544
Two most common materials for construction of aerial ladders
1) Head-treated aluminum alloy
2) Steel
PG 544
Base Rails
- AKA Beams
- The lower chords of the aerial ladder to which rungs, trusses, and other portions of the ladder are attached
PG 544
Top Rails
- AKA Handrails
- The top chords to which the opposite ends of the trussing are attached
PG 544
Rungs
The portions that are attached between the two base rails and are used as steps for personnel on the aerial ladder
PG 544
Stabilizers
Device that transfers the center of gravity of an apparatus and prevents it from tipping as the aerial device, hydraulic lifting boom, gin pole, or A-frame is extended away from the centerline as the chassis
- AKA Outrigger
- AKA Stabilizing Jack
PG 546
Four main components of HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
1) Actuators = transforms power into mechanical force
2) Hydraulic Fluid = the medium by which the system transmits force
3) Hydraulic Pump = force is created on the fluid by the hydraulic pump; powered by PTO arrangement off the vehicle’s main engine
4) Hydraulic Reservoir = supplies the hydraulic fluid that is move in and out of the system
PG 547-548
Check Valves
Prevent fluid from flowing backward through a component and act as a safety feature in the event that a leak develops in the system
PG 549
Relief Valves
Limit the pressure built up in the system, thus preventing damage due to overpressurization
PG 549
Counterbalance Valves
Prevent unintentional or undesirable motion of the device from its established position
PG 549
Selector Valve
- AKA Transfer or Diverter Valve
- Three-way valve on aerial apparatus that directs oil to either stabilizer control valves or the aerial device control valves
- Blocks flow to the system not in use, thus acting as an interlock to prevent the stabilization and aerial device systems from operating at the same time
PG 549
Stabilizer Cylinders
- Most modern aerial apparatus are equipped with hydraulically operated stabilizers (AKA Outriggers)
- Each stabilizer is operated by one or two cylinders
- Cylinders force the stabilizer arms outward and down to take weight off the apparatus suspension and make apparatus more stable
PG 550
Aerial Device Hoisting Cylinders
- AKA Elevating or Lifting Cylinders
- Used to lift the aerial device from its bed to a working position
- End of the piston rod outside the cylinder is fitted with a trunnion that is anchored to the aerial device or the turntable
PG 550-551
Trunnion
In a hydraulic cylinder, the pivoting end of the piston rod that is connected to the anchor ear by the heel pin
PG 551
Normal hydraulic pressure
850-3000psi
PG 551
Aerial Device Extension Cylinders
- Dual cylinders fitted on the base section and used to extend the second section of the device
PG 552
Tillered Trucks
- Tractor Drawn Aerial Apparatus (TDA) = aerial ladder apparatus that consists of a tractor power unit and trailer (tiller) section that contains the aerial ladder, ground ladders, and equipment storage areas
- The trailer section is steered independently of the tractor by the tiller operator
PG 553
Elevating Platform Apparatus
- Work platform attached to the end of an articulating or telescoping aerial device
- Required minimum floor area = 14sq ft
- Must have rail completely enclosing the floor area with no opening under the railing greater than 24”
- Requires a KICKPLATE at floor level that is 4” high
- Must have TWO operator control stations (one at street level and one in the platform)
- Must have protective water fog curtain nozzle on the bottom of platform (flows at least 75GPM)
- Minimum load capacity fully extended with dry piping system = 750lbs
- Minimum load capacity fully extended with charged water = 500lbs
- Three types:
1) Aerial Ladder Platforms
2) Telescoping Aerial Platforms
3) Articulating Aerial Platforms
PG 555-558
Aerial Ladder Platforms
- Power operated ladder, usually employing hydraulics, with a passenger-carrying device attached to the end of the ladder
- Commonly range from 85-110 feet
PG 558
Telescoping Aerial Platforms
- An elevating platform equipped with piping systems and nozzles for elevated master stream operations
- Telescoping aerial devices are not meant to be climbed and are equipped with a small ladder that is to be used only for escape from the platform in emergency situations
- Typically 75-100ft long
PG 558
Articulating Aerial Platforms
- Aerial device that consists of two or more booms that are attached with hinges and operate in a folding manner
- A passenger-carrying platform is attached to the working end of the device
- Similar to telescoping, but the boom sections are connected by a hinge and unfold like an elbow
- Typically 55-85ft long
PG 559
Water Towers
- Aerial device primarily intended for deploying an elevated master stream
- Not generally intended for climbing operations
- Typically 50-130ft long
- Maximum flows ranging from 1000-5000 GPM
PG 560
Quints
- Apparatus that serves as an engine and as a ladder truck
- Equipped with 5 functions:
1) fire pump
2) water tank
3) ground ladders
4) hose bed
5) aerial device
PG 561
Turntable
- Rotational structural component of the aerial device
- Primary function is to provide continuous rotation on a horizontal plane
PG 563
Interlock Device
- A safety device that prevents a component from functioning when another component is functioning
PG 566
Body Collision Interlock
The device will not move into regions where it would make contact with the body or cab
PG 566
Rotation Interlock (Short Jack)
The aerial device will not rotate over the side of the apparatus where the stabilizers are not fully extended
PG 566
Maximum Elevation Slow-Down Interlock
The device will slow down before reaching maximum elevation or extension
PG 566
Retraction Interlock
The device will not retract completely without the activation of the retract override function
PG 566
Nozzle Stow
The device will not drop into the cradle if the master stream nozzle is not properly positioned
PG 566
Cab Interlock
The cab will not raise if the engine is running
PG 566
Tiller Operator Interlock
The engine starter will not work unless the tiller operator is seated and belted, or a tiller cab start button is engaged
PG 566
Pre-Piped Aerial Ladder Waterways
- Many aerial ladders are equipped with pre-piped waterways that eliminate the need for laying hose up the ladder to a master stream nozzle
- Two types:
1) Bed Ladder System
2) Telescoping Waterway System
PG 567
Detachable Ladder Pipe Systems
- Aerial ladders not equipped with pre-piped waterways have detachable appliances, which include:
1) ladder pipe
2) fire hose
3) hose straps
4) Siamese appliance
PG 569
NFPA 1989
Standard on Breathing Air Quality for Emergency Services Respiratory Protection
PG 573
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)
- Device designed to protect against electrical shock
- When grounding occurs, the device opens a circuit to shut off the flow of electricity
PG 575
NFPA 1901
- Establishes ladder complements based on how the apparatus will operate
- Establishes minimum requirements for forcible entry tools
PG 578
Smoke Ejectors
- Exhaust fans
- Placed in window, door, or roof openings for drawing out heat, smoke, and gases by creating a lower pressure inside the fire building
PG 579
Positive-Pressure Blowers
- Ventilation fans that are used to increase the air pressure in a structure, thus forcing out the by-products of combustion
PG 579
Deadheading
- Operating a hydraulic pump without allowing flow through the system
- This generates tremendous heat and pressure, and can damage components
PG 585
NFPA 1911
Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance, Testing, and Retirement of In-Service Automotive Fire Apparatus
PG 585
Nondestructive Testing
Method of testing metal objects that does not subject them to stress-related damage
PG 586
Which statement best describes the word “truss” as applied to aerial ladders?
The arrangement of structural members in a triangular pattern
PG 543
An aerial device hydraulic system check valve prevents _______ ?
Reverse fluid flow
PG 549
What is the function of the selector valve in an aerial device hydraulic system?
Prevent simultaneous operation of the aerial device and the stabilizing system
PG 549
Most telescoping waterway systems are capable of flows as high as _______ ?
1000gpm
PG 568
What is the most common type of aerial ladder platform apparatus in service today?
Straight Chassis, Rear Mount
PG 558
What is the minimum volume that the elevated platform apparatus water system must be capable of discharging in any position?
1000GPM
PG 557
What does the aerial device hydraulic system counterbalance valve do?
Prevents unintended movement of the device from its set position
PG 549
What is the maximum horizontal sweep in degrees of a detachable ladder pipe nozzle in either direction from center?
15 degrees
PG 569
How many basic types of aerial devices are there?
3 types
PG 542-543
Which device converts hydraulic pressure into mechanical force on an aerial device?
Actuator
PG 549
What is the most common type of aerial device used in North America?
Aerial Ladder
PG 552
At minimum non-destructive testing should be performed how often?
Every 5 years
PG 586
What is the minimum load capacity for a fully extended elevating platform with no water in the pipe?
750lbs
PG 557
How should an aerial device auxiliary pump be operated?
A maximum of one minute of continuous operation followed by a one minute cooling period
PG 550
Tiller axle steering wheel free play should not exceed ________ degrees?
10 degrees
PG 581
What is the maximum length of an aerial ladder?
Distance from the ground to the highest rung of the fully elevated and extended ladder
PG 552
Aerial device hydraulic hoses must be rated for pressure at least how many times higher than normal operating pressure?
4 Times higher
PG 548
Why are slides and rollers used on an aerial ladder?
Reduce wear between contacting parts
PG 562
What type of aerial apparatus is the most similar to an articulating aerial platform?
Telescoping aerial platform
PG 559
Maximum flow from a detachable ladder pipe system generally does not exceed _______ gpm?
750 GPM
PG 569
Preventing deadheading is of particular importance during which phase of aerial device inspection?
Emergency Power Unit (EPU) operation
PG 585
Which statement about a detachable ladder pipe system is correct?
Either a smooth bore or fog nozzle can be used with this system
PG 571
What is a typical power source for the auxiliary hydraulic pump of an aerial device?
The vehicle batteries
PG 550
What is an inverter?
Step-up voltage transformer
PG 574
What is the purpose of the hoisting cylinders?
Elevating the aerial device
PG 550
What type of pump is the aerial device hydraulic pump?
Positive Displacement Pump
PG 547
What is maximum normal operating pressure of a hoisting cylinder?
3000psi
PG 551
For best performance, hydraulic rescue tool hose lengths should not exceed how many feet?
100 feet
PG 577
When checking the mounted coupling system of a tractor-tiller apparatus, the inspector should pay particular attention to what?
Lubrication
PG 581
What is the primary power source for the hydraulic pump of an aerial device?
A power take off (PTO)
PG 547
