Identity And Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

What is self-concept?

A

The sum of the ways in which we describe ourselves: in the present, who we used to be and who we might be in the future

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2
Q

What are identities?

A

The individual components of our self concept related to the groups in which we belong

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3
Q

Give some examples of identities

A

Religious affiliation, sexual orientation, ethnic and national affiliations

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4
Q

What is self esteem?

A

Describes our evaluation of ourselves

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5
Q

Generally, what produces a higher self esteem?

A

The closer our actual self is to our ideal self and our ought self

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6
Q

What is self efficacy?

A

The degree to which we see ourselves as being capable at a given skill or in a given situation

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7
Q

What is locus of control?

A

A self evaluation that refers to the way we characterize the influences in our lives

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8
Q

What is the zone of proximal development?

A

The skills that a child has not yet mastered and require a more knowledgeable other to accomplish.

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9
Q

What is a reference group?

A

The group to which we compare ourselves

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10
Q

How does the psychoanalytic perspective view personailty?

A

As resulting from unconscious urges and desires

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11
Q

What are the three basic types of traits?

A
  1. Cardinal
  2. Central
  3. Secondary
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12
Q

What are cardinal traits?

A

The traits around which a person organizes his or her life

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13
Q

What are central traits?

A

Represent major characteristics of the personality

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14
Q

What are secondary traits?

A

More personal characteristics and are limited in occurrence

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15
Q

What is the social-cognitive perspective?

A

That individuals interact with their environment in a cycle called reciprocal determinism

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16
Q

What is the behaviorist perspective?

A

Personality can be described as the behaviors one has learned from prior rewards and punishments

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17
Q

What is the biological theory of personalities?

A

Claim that behavior can be explained as a result of genetic expression

18
Q

What are the stages of Freud’s psychosexual development?

A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latency
  5. Genital
19
Q

What is the oral stage?

A

Libidinal energy is centered on the mouth

20
Q

What is the anal stage?

A

Toilet training occurs at this time

21
Q

What is the phallic stage?

A

Oedipal or Electra conflict is resolved during this stage

22
Q

What is the latency stage?

A

Libido is largely sublimated during this stage

23
Q

What is the genital stage?

A

Begins at puberty and lasts into adulthood, this is when heterosexual relationships are formed

24
Q

What is the trust vs. mistrust stage?

A

0 to 1 year; can I trust the world?

25
Q

What is the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage?

A

1 to 3 years; is it okay to be me?

26
Q

What is the initiative vs. guilt stage?

A

3 to 6 years; is it okay for me to do, move and act?

27
Q

What is the industry vs. inferiority stage?

A

6 to 12 years; can I make it in the world of people and things?

28
Q

What is the identity vs. role confusion?

A

12 to 20 years; who am I? What can I be?

29
Q

What is the intimacy vs. isolation stage?

A

20 to 40 years; can I love?

30
Q

What is generativity vs. stagnation stage?

A

40 to 65 years; can I make my life count?

31
Q

What is integrity vs. despair stage?

A

65 to death; is it okay to have been me?

32
Q

What is repression?

A

Unconsciously removing an idea or feeling from consciousness

33
Q

What is suppression?

A

Consciously removing an idea or feeling from consciousness

34
Q

What is regression?

A

Returning to an earlier stage of development

35
Q

What is reaction formation?

A

An unacceptable impulse is transformed into its opposite

36
Q

What is projection?

A

Attribution of wishes, thoughts, desires or emotions to someone else

37
Q

What is rationalization?

A

Justification of attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors

38
Q

What is displacement?

A

Changing the target of an emotion, while the feelings remain the same

39
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Channeling of an unacceptable impulse in a socially acceptable direction

40
Q

What are the Bug Five Traits of Personality?

A
  1. Openness
  2. Conscientiousness
  3. Extraversion
  4. Agreeableness
  5. Neuroticism