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Animal Husbandry > Identification > Flashcards

Identification Flashcards

1
Q

How to tell animals apart

A

Colouration/markings/wells
Name
Breed
Behaviour (energetic/noisy etc)
Microchips
Age
Collars/tags
Size
Nicks/scars/abnormalities

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2
Q

What methods are used to make sure animals registered to us

A

Ear tags/tags
Passports
Branding (hot and freeze)
Tattooing
Microchips
Fin clip (fish)

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3
Q

Considerations when marking/taggign animals

A

Placement (hindrance/fits well)
Pain
Correct details/can be changed easily
Can break easily (head collars)

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4
Q

Governing body for cats

A

The Governing council of the Cat Fancy - aims to look at breed standards and provide information and advice for owners and reputable breeders

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5
Q

Top 10 cat breeds

A

British shorthair
Bengal
Siamese
Maine coon
Persian
Ragdoll
Russian blue
Scottish fold
Savannah cat
Sphynx

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6
Q

Government body for dogs

A

Kennel club - designed to look at breed standards and reputable breeding

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7
Q

Kennel club groups

A

Terrier
Working (Rottweiler)
Gun dogs/sporting (spaniel)
Toy (chihuahua)
Pastoral/herding (collie)
Hounds (basset)
Utility (Dalmatian)

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8
Q

How many horse breeds

A

300

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9
Q

How are horses grouped

A

By purpose (draught/thoroughbreds etc)

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10
Q

Bird classification

A

Psittaciformes (parrots/mackaws)
Passseriformes (budgies/canaries)
Columbiformes (pigeon/dove)
Falconiformes (raptors birds of prey)
Strigiformes (night birds-owls)
Galliformes (pheasants/fowls/chickens)
Anseriformes (water birds)

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11
Q

3 main groups of bird colours

A

Carotenoids - from plant materials (yellow/orange/red/blue/green)
Melanins - browns/blacks
Porphyrines - from amino acid produce all colours

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12
Q

Structural colours in birds

A

Refraction from light by proteins in feathers

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13
Q

Iridescent feathers in birds

A

Works like a prism splitting the light into different components

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14
Q

What should dog tags have on (legality)

A

Owners name
Address (postcode)
Telephone number (optional)
Don’t put dogs name

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15
Q

Fine for dog not wearing tag

A

Upto £5000

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16
Q

Exception for not wearing tags

A

Service dogs
Police dog/working dogs
Hounds
Gundogs
Race greyhounds
Sheep dogs

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17
Q

Ear tags

A

Used on farm animal
Legal requirements
Vet surgeon can allow exemption
Enables biosecurity
Regs of DEFRA

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18
Q

Who needs to be microchipped

A

Dogs, horses, exotics, cats (10th June 2024 legally)

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19
Q

What age should dog be microchipped

A

8 weeks - breeders adress
Stray - rescue adress

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20
Q

What age should horse be microchipped

A

6 months - breeders adress

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21
Q

Fine for no microchip (dog)

A

£500 (21days grace to get tag and not be charged)

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22
Q

Placement of microchip

A

Scruff of neck (cats/dogs/rodents)
Left side of neck - middle 3rd nuchae ligament (horse)
Left pectoral muscle (bird)

23
Q

Is a microchip proof of ownership

A

No

24
Q

Tattooing placements

A

Lips on horses
Ears on dogs
Can be removed / amputated

25
Q

Freeze branding

A

Permanent unique mark on skin
Not that painful?
Freezes hair follicules to change/damage colour

26
Q

Hot branding (mostly banned)

A

Red hot irons placed on skin to burn/scar it
Unique and permanent
Cattle and horses
Painful
Exmoor ponies on hindquarter

27
Q

Reasons for freeze branding

A

Used as a deterrent to thieves as permanent marking cannot be removed

28
Q

Horse passport regulations revoked

A

The equine identification regulations 2018
All horses, ponies and donkeys must has a horse passport
Make sure horses that have been treated with certain medication don’t go into food intended for humans

29
Q

When should horse passport be produced

A

Owner must have passport on them at all times when with the animal
May have to show to trading standard inspector or animal health officer
Can be fined upto £5000 if Passover not valid

30
Q

Where is an animals genetic code found

A

In their DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
A long double helix molecule present in every living cell
Contains thousands of genes

31
Q

Genes

A

Provide specific DNA code or sequence that leads to inherited characteristics which are passed to offspring via reproduction

32
Q

Chromosomes

A

Tightly bound unit of DNA
Contain hundreds of thousands ofgenes
Found in pairs within cells known as alleles (2separate copies of each gene)

33
Q

How many chromosomes does a horse have

A

64 (32 pairs)

34
Q

How many chromosomes does a dog have

A

78 (39 pairs)

35
Q

How many chromosomes does a cat have

A

38 (19 pairs)

36
Q

How many chromosomes does a rabbit have

A

44 (22 pairs)

37
Q

What is the exception to the rule regarding paired chromosomes

A

Sperm and egg cells
Each cell only gets one copy of each chromosome (haploid cells)
Together they make a diploid cell

38
Q

Dominant and recessive alleles

A

Dominant = single copy of that allele will express the trait (autosomal dominant)

Recessive = both alleles must be in the same order for that trait to be observed (autosomal recessive)

39
Q

What is a mutation

A

Errors that occur during processes of DNA replication
May have negative, positive or no effect

40
Q

DNA testing - where from

A

Cheek swabbing
Blood sample
Hair follicle

41
Q

Why we DNA Test

A

Parentage analysis
Breed strategies and variations -Desirable characteristic
Hereditary diseases
Identification of unwanted genes
Sexing for exotics

42
Q

Blood typing why

A

Correct match for blood transfusions
Cats - mismatch could be fatal
Dogs - can give one non typed transfusion safely but second must be a blood match
Horses - not routinely typed

43
Q

When is the only time when it is acceptable to travel a horse without a passport

A

Travelling to the vets for emergency treatment

44
Q

Can a horse still be treated by vets if section XI on the passport has been signed stating the horse is intended for human consumption

A

Yes but withdrawal periods must be adhered to and all drugs must be records in medicines book

45
Q

Equine passport requirements

A

Diagram - markings
Section XI - drugs list for food chain

46
Q

What is signified by a black cross on horse passport

A

Whorls (where hair grows from)

47
Q

What is signified by a black/red arrow on horse passport

A

Scars (red pen used if horse is white)

48
Q

What is signified by a black triangle on horse passport

A

Prophets thumb- dent

49
Q

What is signified by a red border/solid line with hatching on horse passport

A

White hair

50
Q

What is signified by thick black lines on horse passport

A

Zebra marks

51
Q

What is signified by solid red on horse passport

A

White skin or hooves

52
Q

Drawing of the horse is outlined in what colour on passport

A

Black unless the horse is white

53
Q

Different face markings on a horse

A

Star
Stripe
Blaze
Star, stripe, snip
Snip
Bald face/white face
Star and stripe

54
Q

Different leg markings on horse

A

Coronet
Pastern
Sock
Half stocking
Stocking
Outside heel white extending
Outside heel
Inside heel

Animal Husbandry (9 decks)

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