ID - QUIZ Flashcards by Ashley Atwood

rabbits

tularemia

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bird poop

histoplasmosis

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ticks (2)

Lyme, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

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mosquitoes

malaria, dengue

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painful genital ulcers

chancroid, herpes

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painless genital ulcers

syphilis, granuloma inguinale

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definition of AIDS

CD4 count below 200

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Kaposi sarcoma

classic defining AIDS illness

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P. carinii pneumonia

classic defining AIDS illness

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india ink stain

cryptococcosis/cryptococcal meningitis

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purulent penile discharge, dysuria

gonorrhea

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top 3 causes of community-acquired pneumonia (Polito)

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
M. catarrhalis

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top 3 causes of acute bacterial meningitis (Polito)

N. meningitidis
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae

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top 2 causes of subacute meningitis (Polito)

M. tuberculosis

C. neoformans

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most frequent cause of uncomplicated UTI

E. coli

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acid-fast bacilli stain

Mycobacteria - TB, leprosy

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cold agglutinin test

M. pneumoniae

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bilateral fluffy whiteness throughout chest x-ray

PCP

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3 most common bacteria causing diarrhea in U.S.

Shigella
Salmonella
Campylobacter

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string test

giardiasis

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treatment for PCP

bactrim

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thick and thin blood smear

malaria

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most common space-occupying lesion in HIV

toxoplasmosis

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progressive retinitis

AIDS - cytomegalovirus

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antibiotic with highest incidence of C. diff after taking

ciprofloxacin

tests required to diagnose HIV

ELISA then Western Blot

floppy/flaccid vs. rigid/stiff/spasms

botulism vs. tetanus

treatment for cryptococcal meningitis

fluconazole

snails

schistosomiasis

T. solium

cysticercosis; pork tapeworm infection

undercooked pork

trichinosis or cysticercosis/pork tapeworm infection

itchy serpiginous tracks on hands or feet

cutaneous larva migrans

nocturnal perianal pruritis

pinworm

general treatments for parasitic infection

albendazole | mebendazole

contact with infected birds

psittacosis

Janeway lesions, Osler nodes

endocarditis

splinter hemorrhages

endocarditis

Janeway lesions are (painful, painless) and (palpable, nonpalpable)

no pain, not palpable

Osler nodes are (painful, painless) and (palpable, nonpalpable)

pain, palpable

common cause of diarrhea in AIDS

cryptosporidiosis

temperature-pulse dissociation (4)

psittacosis brucellosis Legionella factitious fever

varicella can turn into what? (not thinking of shingles)

varicella pneumonia

complication of mumps

orchitis & infertility

where does secondary syphilis give you a rash?

palms & soles

slapped cheek appearance

fifth disease

Lyme disease rash

erythema migrans - advancing border of erythema around tick bite

Donovan bodies on wright stain

granuloma inguinale

condyloma lata

secondary syphilis

criteria for SIRS

``` temp high or low tachycardia tachypnea arterial CO2 low WBC high or low or high bands ```

EGDT

fluids for CVP vasopressors for MAP PRBC and dobutamine for O2 pressure urinary output > 0.5 mL/kg/hr

What makes atypical pneumonia atypical?

``` young adults no chills no consolidation on xray no productive cough rales & rhonchi ```

cellulitis usually caused by

GABS, S. aureus

most difficult-to-treat anaerobe

B. fragilis

amber crust

impetigo

cellulitis on face

erysipelas

causes gas gangrene

usually clostridial

likely bacteria in necrotizing fasciitis

GABS, anaerobes such as C. perfringens

most common cause of osteomyelitis

S. aureus

these test results are elevated in osteomyelitis

ESR, CRP

7 things that can cause non-bacterial infection arthritis

``` parvovirus B19 rubella hep B, C EBV mycobacteria coccidioidomycosis Lyme disease ```

HHV 8

Kaposi sarcoma

virus of oral hairy leukoplakia

EBV

Who shouldn't get live virus vaccines?

immunocompromised

6 live virus vaccines

``` influenza varicella, zoster MMR rotavirus yellow fever ```

syphilis screening

VDRL, RPR

syphilis confirmation

FTA-ABS or MHA-TP fluorescent treponema antibody absorption test microhemagglutination treponemal test

NRTI side effects

neuropathy pancreatitis liver toxicity

PI side effects

elevated cholesterol/triglycerides | fat redistribution

NNRTI side effects

hypersensitivity reactions | hepatotoxicity

entry inhibitor side effects

well-tolerated; injection site issues

3 highest risk factors for endocarditis

artificial valve previous endocarditis complex congenital defects/repairs

moderate risk for endocarditis

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | mitral prolapse & regurgitation

who should receive antibiotic prophylaxis for endocarditis?

only those at highest risk

for what procedures is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended?

dental procedures with gingival manipulation, perforation of oral mucosa. NOT for GU or GI procedures. Maybe in high risk pregnancy before vaginal delivery

oseltamivir, zanamivir

give in first 48 hours to immunosuppressed/at-risk patients for flu reduces duration of symptoms don't give zanamivir if asthma (bronchospasm risk) oseltamivir can be used in babies; zanamivir 5+

amantadine, rimantidine

only influenza A lots of resistance amantadine also Parkinson's

ribavirin

has potential to treat flu in patients with resistance to other drugs but safety & efficacy not established