ID - parasites Flashcards
Treat with permethrin
scabies
Characteristic appearance of scabies:
burrows, especially in finger webs and wrist creases
Caused by trematode blood flukes
schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis infection, especially chronic, can lead to ______ ____________.
portal hypertension
Treatment for schistosomiasis:
praziquantel
What is the only tapeworm that can be transmitted human to human?
Dwarf tapeworm, Taenia nana
How is tapeworm transmitted?
Animals (cow, pig, fish) eat human feces containing eggs, then humans eat undercooked beef, pork, or fish.
What is cysticercosis?
Tissue infection with cysts of Taenia solium
Where is cysticercosis prevalent?
Mexico, Central America, South America, Philippines, SE Asia
Cysticercosis is one of the most important causes of ________ in the developing world
seizures
Why is treatment of cysticercosis so difficult?
Must balance benefit of cyst clearance against potential harm of an inflammatory response to dying worms
When treatment is deemed appropriate, what is the treatment for cysticercosis?
albendazole
praziquantel
What is the most common intestinal helminth?
Ascaris lumbricoides
Masses of worms may cause intestinal obstruction, volvulus, or death
ascariasis
Found where human feces are used as fertilizer
ascariasis
Treatment for ascariasis
albendazole
mebendazole
parasite that sucks blood from intestine
hookworm
Treatment for hookworm
albendazole
mebendazole
How do you get hookworm?
larva are in soil and with contact, penetrate skin
Enterobius vermicularis
pinworm
Who does enterobiasis (pinworm) infect?
Kids
What are the signs and symptoms of pinworm?
perianal pruritis, particularly at night
use scotch tape around anus and look for eggs or worms
Treatment for pinworms
albendazole
mebendazole
undercooked pork
trichinosis
Where do Trichinella cysts end up and remain viable for years?
skeletal muscle
What is a unique symptom of trichinosis?
periorbital edema
What is the treatment for trichinosis?
For full-blown, muscle-infected trichinosis, there is no effective treatment! If you catch it early, you can use your usual mebendazole/albendazole, may prevent progression to tissue invasion
How do you prevent infection with trichinosis?
COOK meat to 71 C for 1 minute or irradiate
freezing does NOT work
Dog or cat hookworms - they can’t complete their life cycle in humans so they just cause what?
cutaneous disease - cutaneous larval migrans
What does cutaneous larval migrans infection look like?
Serpiginous tracks marking the course of the parasite, usually on feet or hands
What is the treatment for cutaneous larval migrans?
Mild cases - no treatment. Larvae eventually die and are absorbed.
Topical thiabendazole or systemic albendazole can be used, though
