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LMCC > ID > Flashcards

ID Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis

A

Group A beta-hemolytic strep

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2
Q

CENTOR criteria for strep

A 
Cough absent 
Exudative tonsils 
Nodes (anterior cervical chain) 
Temperature >38C 
Age <15 (+1) or >45 (-1)

score 0-2 –> no culture or abx
Score 3 = culture, tx if +ve
score >/=4 = culture, tx with abx on clinical grounds, d/c if culture negative

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3
Q

Abx for treatment of strep throat reduces risk of post-strep glomerulonephritis T/F

A

False

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4
Q

Metronidazole and EtOH reaction

A

Disulfiram-like toxicity

Chest pain, vertigo, vomiting, diaphoresis, metallic taste, erythema, conjunctival injection

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5
Q

3 important opportunistic infections related to HIV pts

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Mycobacterium avium complex
Toxoplasmosis

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6
Q

PCP prophylaxis in HIV starts at CD4 count of

A

<200cells/mm3

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7
Q

Toxoplasmosis prophylaxis in HIV starts at CD4 count of

A

<100cells/mm3

Causes toxoplasmosis encephalitis (ring-enhancing lesions on CT head)

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8
Q

Myocbacterium avium infection prophyalxis starts at CD4 count of

A

<50 cells/mm3

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9
Q

PCP prophylaxis in HIV pts

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

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10
Q

Toxoplasmosis prophylaxis in HIV pts

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

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11
Q

TB prophylaxis

A

Used in pts with latent TB infection (secondary preventon)

Isonizid + pyridoxine (to avoid vit B6 dficiency) x 9mo

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12
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Tx for cryptococcal neoformans meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients

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13
Q

Prophylaxis against opportunistic infection of cryptococcal neoformans meningoencephalitis

A

Fluconazole

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14
Q

Prophylaxis against isoniazid-resistant TB

A

Rifampin

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15
Q

MAC prophylaxis agent

A

Azithromycin

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16
Q

Febrile neutropenia etiology

A

Pseudomonas (gram -ve)

Gram +ve organisms becoming more common

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17
Q

Parasite responsible for malaria

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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18
Q

Screening test for malaria

A

Falciparum screen

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19
Q

Tx for malaria

A

IV artesunate

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20
Q

Empiric abx for febrile neutropenia

A

Pip-tazo/Meropenem/Cefipime +/- vanco

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21
Q

Functional asplenism, increased susceptibility to encapsulated organisms

A

S.pneumoniae
N. meningitides
H. influenza
Salmonella

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22
Q

Pathogen commonly associated with cat bites

A

Pasterurella multocida (gram -ve rod)

23
Q

Management of cat bite

A

Wash with water and soap, detergent or povidone iodine.Saline irrigation. debridement. Culture. Leave open (no suture) but banadage)
Only suture of on face or scalp

24
Q

Culprit of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in neonates

A

HSV-2

Acquired during birth from infected mother

25
Q

Culprit of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in children >3mo and adults

A

HSV-1

26
Q

Abx of choice for E. histolytica

A

Metronidazole

27
Q

Common causes of C.diff

A

Clindamycin
Fluoroquinolones
Cephalosporins
Penicillins

28
Q

C. diff tx

A

Flagyl PO
Vanco PO
Fecal transplant

29
Q

Most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis

A

Campylobacter

30
Q

Most common cause of chronic diarrhea in HIV pt with CD4 <200

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

31
Q

Dx Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Acid fast staining of stool

Look for oocytes

32
Q

Risk factors for meningitis

A 
Asplenia 
Complement deficiency
Glucocorticoid excess
Diabetes mellitus 
EtOH-use 
HIV 
Recent infxn (esp resp or ear) 
Recent exposure to someone with meningitis 
IVDU 
Recent head trauma
Otorrhea or rhinorrhea 
Recent travel
33
Q

Empiric tx for meningitis

A

Adults: Ceftriaxone + Vanco + dex for first 4d

Continue dex if culprit is S. pneumo

34
Q

Prophylaxis for H. influenzae meningitis contacts

A

Rifampin x 4d

35
Q

Prophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis contacts

A

rifampin x 2d

OR single dose of cipro if >18yo

36
Q

Prophylaxis for meningitis in pregnant patient contacts

A

Ceftriaxone 250mg IM single dose

37
Q

Argyll Robertson Pupil

A

Accomodating but not reactive to light in neurosyphilis

38
Q

Screening tests for syphilis

A

VDRL
Rapid plasma reagin
Enzyme immunoassay

39
Q

Confirmatory tests for syphilis

A

T. pallidum immobilization assay
Fluorescent treponema Ab-absorption
Microhemagglutination assay
T. pallidum particle agglutination assay

40
Q

Prophylactic abx for dental procedures in high risk pts

A

Amoxicillin 1h before

41
Q

Most common primary immunodeficiency in adults characterized by increased susceptibility to bacterial infections

A

Common variable immunodeficiency

Dx: Quantitative measurement of immunoglobulin levels

42
Q

Neurosyphilis positive serum VDRL result

A

> 1:32

43
Q

Most common cause of neutropenic enterocolitis

A

Clostridium septicum

44
Q

HIV testing in neonate to positive mom

A

HIV DNA PCR

48h after birth, >/= 1 mo and >/= 4mo

45
Q

Botulism toxin MOA

A

Blocks ACh release at NMJ

46
Q

Listeria gram stain

A

Gram + rods

47
Q

H. influenza gram stain

A

Gram - coccobacilli

48
Q

Empiric abx for meningitis for =28d

A

Amp + cefotaxime

49
Q

Empiric abx for meningitis for 29d-3mo

A

Cefotaxime + Vanco

50
Q

Empiric abx for meningitis for >3mo

A

Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin
+/- ampicillin if risk for L-monocytogenes + dex IV within 20min prior to or with first dose of abx (continue in pts with pneumococcal meningitis)

51
Q

Acute pulmonary TB treatment

A

Isoniazid + rifampin + pyrazinamide + ethambutol x 2mo (initiation phase) then isoniazid + rifampin x 4mo in fully susceptible TB (continuation phase)
Extend for extra month if >65yo, pregnant or risk of hepatotoxicity

52
Q

Latent TB test

A

Tuberculin skin test or IGRA

53
Q

Active TB test

A

Sputum

LMCC (22 decks)

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