Family Flashcards
Sinusitis tx
1st line: Amox
2nd line: Amox-clav or fluoroquinolone
Dx of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
Nasal obstruction or nasal purulence/discoloured postnasal discharge AND
at least one other PODS sympom:
1. Pain/pressure in face
2. Obstruction of nose
3. Discharge of discoloured nasal purulence
4. Smell affected (anosmia)
Consider when symptoms worsening after 5-7d with similar symptoms of persist without improvement >7d
Presbycusis
Age-related hearing loss
Result of cochlear degeneration b/c of aging
Involves bilateral high-frequency hearing loss a/w difficulty in speech discrimination and central auditory processing of info
Risk factors: genetics, male, diabetes, ototoxic drugs, noise exposure
Dx: Audiometric testing with pure tone average and speech discrimination
Vertebral compression fracture
Common in Asian/caucasian women, smoking hx, OSTEOPOROSIS
~25% postmenopausal women will get a VCF during their lifetime, previous steroid or anticonvulsatn tx
Jefferson fracture
Bone fracture of anterior and posterior arches of C1 vertebra
Acute Gout tx
1st line: NSAIDs (ie. Indomethacin)
If NSAIDs C/I: Colchicine
If NSAIDs and Colchicine C/I: Intraarticular,oral or parenteral glucocorticoids
Vertigo peripheral vs central cause
Disappearance of nystagmus with visual fixation in peripheral vertigo
Peripheral vertigo typically more severe, a/w tinnitus
Meds that can be used to tx hiccups
Chlorpromazine (antipsychotics) - most effective
Metoclopramide
Baclofen
Postherpetic neuralgia pain mgmt
TCAs (ie. amitryptyline)
Anticonvulsants (ie. gabapentin)
Opioids (ie. morphine)
Epidermoid cyst/sebaceous cyst
Dome-shaped
Originate from follicular infundibulum
Often on face, neck, trunk, scrotum or behind ears
Sometimes have a comedo overlying cyst cavity
Mobile , painless
Benign but can get infected
May develop into SCC
Normal Rinne’s test
Air louder than bone
Same as in sensorineural hearing loss
Rinne’s test: Conductive hearing loss
Bone louder than air
Normal Weber’s test
Sound heard in midline
Weber’s test: Conductive hearing loss
Sound heard in bad ear
Weber’s test: Sensorineural hearing loss
Sound heard in good ear
Most common risk factor for frozen shoulder
Diabetes mellitus
GAS peritonsillar abscess tx
I&D or needle aspiration
IV clindamycin
IV methylprednisolone
Weak opioids x 2
Codeine
Tramadol
Hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone weakest to strongest
Morphine < Oxycodone < Hydromorphone
BPPV
Brief recurrent episodes (secs-mins) +/- N/V, illicited nystagmus, positive dix-hallpike
Vestibular neuritis
Rapid onset, persistent, severe, persistent (days-weeks), N/V, imbalance
Positive head-impulse test
Meniere’s disease
Recurrent episodes, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus and/or aural fullness
Resolves btwn attacks
Caused by increased lymphatic fluid in inner ear
Central positional vertigo
Caused by lesions of cerebellum
Downbeat nystagmus, static and persists as long as provocative position maintained
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Herpes zoster oticus
Vertigo, ipsilateral facial paralysis, ear pain and vesicles in auditory canal and auricle
Acoustic neuroma
Chronic progressive hearing loss and tinnitus
Mild unsteadiness that fluctuates in severity
NO true vertigo
Schwann-cell derived from CNVIII
Labrynthitis
Persistent vertigo, NO hearing loss
differentiates it from Meniere’s
Hearing loss and episodic
Menieres
Hearing loss and persistent
Labrynthitis
Persistent vertigo
Vestibular neuritis
Episodic vertigo
BPPV
