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Biology/Business/IT > ICT L.O.1 > Flashcards

ICT L.O.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an input device?

A

An input device allows data such as text, images ,videos or sound to be entered into a computer system

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2
Q

What are some examples of input devices?

A

-Mouse
-Keyboard
-Scanner
-Controller
-Microphone
-Webcam

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3
Q

What is an output device?

A

Any device which sends data such as text, images, videos or sound out of a computer

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4
Q

What are some examples of output devices?

A

-Monitor
-Printer
-Projector
-Alarm
-Touch screen
-Headphones

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5
Q

What is a biometric device?

A

A biometric device is a device which has a human characteristic as part of its security system, (such as a fingerprint ,iris ,face or voice)

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6
Q

How does a biometric device work?

A

First input the information into a database, if the fingerprint matches with the one already in the database then access is allowed (if not then access is denied)

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7
Q

What are the advantages of biometric devices?

A

-Security is improved as they can’t be shared like passwords

-Biometric scanners verify that a user is who they claim to be

-May be quicker and easier than having to enter a username or password

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8
Q

What are the disadvantages of biometric devices ?

A

-Expensive to install and all users must take the time to initially set up by entering their biometrics into the system

-Unreliable (can be affected by the environment e.g loud noise)

-Privacy concerns (users may not want their personal characteristics stored on a computer system)

-Disabled users might not be able to provide the biometrics required

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9
Q

What does a processor do?

A

A processor manages the functions of a computer system by processing data and instructions

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10
Q

What is a Motherboard?

A

The motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer on which components such as the CPU and ROM are connected

(it also contains PCI slots for expansion cards and ports for external devices)

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11
Q

What does the Power Supply Unit do?

A

The (PSU) converts electricity from AC from the mains power supply to DC which the computer system can use

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12
Q

What 2 types of memory are there?

A

The 2 types of memory are Volatile and non-volatile:

1) Volatile–> temporary storage (data is lost when power is turned off)

2) Non-volatile–> data is saved when not being powered on so can be accessed when the computer is next turned on (I.e Can be stored long term)

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13
Q

What is RAM?

A

Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile storage that stores all programs that are currently running.

(it also stores part of the operating system to be accessed by the CPU)

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14
Q

What is ROM?

A

Read-Only-Memory (ROM) is non-volatile storage that cannot be changed.

-ROM stores the boot program/BIOS for when the computer is switched on, the BIOS then loads up the operating system to take over managing the computer.

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15
Q

What is Cache memory?

A

Cache memory is volatile storage that stores data that is frequently accessed.

(it is very quick to access as it is closer to the CPU than other types of memory like RAM)

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16
Q

What is a Desktop?

A

a computer suitable for use at an ordinary desk. They are bulky and not easy to move, and individual components can be upgraded over time.

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17
Q

What is a tablet/Laptop?

A

A portable computer which can be taken anywhere.
(However there is a higher risk of theft because of this)

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18
Q

What is a Smartphone?

A

A device that can be used to run a range of applications such as email, social media, music and videos.

(However, it can have negative effects such as reduced spacial awareness, negative social interactions or just being able to easily lost or stolen)

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19
Q

What is an embedded system?

A

An embedded system is when a smaller computer system is installed into a larger device e.g. a washing machine, traffic light or a car. (embedded systems have a dedicated purpose and often run in real-time)

(The internet of Things (IoT) describes a global network of connected objects which were previously ‘dumb’ e.g. smart bulbs)

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20
Q

What is a Mainframe?

A

-Very powerful computers which are reliable and process large amounts of data.

(They can be used to solve scientific and engineering problems which require complex calculations with large datasets)–> e.g. weather forecasting

-Commonly used by large organisations which need to process large amounts of data very quickly e.g. banks or airlines

21
Q

What is a Quantum computer?

A

They work with quantum bits which, unlike binary, aren’t limited to just 2 states (0 and 1) and can be in several different states at the same time

(Qubits represent atomic particles)

22
Q

What are some advantages of Copper cables?

A

-Cheap

-Relatively fast

-Carry a signal over a medium distance (i.e. 100m)

23
Q

What are some properties of Fibre Cables?

A

-Provide the fastest data delivery by cable

-No thicker than a human hair

-Can only go one direction, so at least two fibres are placed inside a cable to allow bidirectional transmission.

24
Q

What are some properties of wireless connection?

A

-Work from anywhere

-No physical connection as radio waves are used instead of cables

-All wi-fi networks have a piece of hardware called a WAP (Wireless Access Point)

-Microwaves–> long-distance connections

25
Q

What is Bluetooth?

A

-Bluetooth is temporary short range communication between devices within a distance of 10 metres.

-(Close proximity needed –> disadvantage) BUT (no hardware needed–> advantage)

26
Q

What is infrared?

A

-A type of electromagnetic radiation that’s longer in wavelength than visible light but shorter than radio waves.

-Infrared connection requires devices to be in direct line of sight

(it has been replaced by bluetooth or wifi but is still used in things such as TV remotes )

(It works across short distances)

27
Q

What are Microwaves?

A

-Microwaves used radiowaves to send signals across a large area via microwave towers. (Antennas must be in line of sight of one another with no obstructions)

-They send large amounts of data

-Microwave connections can be affected by bad weather leading to attenuation (network distortion)

28
Q

What is Laser connection?

A

-Laser connections can send data up to 2km away from each other as long as the devices are in the line of sight of each other and there are no barriers. (however bad weather can severely affect the transmission rate)
-Laser can be used in space as there are fewer barriers between the satellites

29
Q

What is Satellite communication?

A

-Point to multi-point communication by using satellites almost 45,000 miles above the Earth’s atmosphere that receive a transmission and rebroadcast them back to Earth.

-(Because of the long distance there is a delay between the data transmission and it being received)

30
Q

What is GSM?

A

-(Global System for Mobile communication) is technology for allowing mobile phones to connect to a network for calls and text messages.

-Each newer generation (3G,4G,5G) is generally faster and more secure and allows for new opportunities.

31
Q

What is a Hub?

A

A hub is a hardware device that connects multiple computers together in a network and allows them to share data packets.

32
Q

What is a Switch?

A

A switch receives data packets, processes them and transfers them to the device specifically listed in the destination address of the packet.

33
Q

What is a Modem?

A

-Modems send data across telephone networks (which can only transfer analog signals).A modem converts the digital data from the computer into a continuous analogue waveform that the telephone system is designed to deal with

34
Q

What is a ‘Router’ ?

A

Routers transfer data packets between devices, they do this by receiving a data packet, and using its IP address to find the best route to transmit the data.

35
Q

What does a graphics card do?

A

A graphics card processes graphical data as it is suited to carry out many simple processes simultaneously.

36
Q

What does a Network Interface Card (NIC) do?

A

An NIC allows computers to connect to networks (such as the internet) and allows them to transfer data to other computers.

37
Q

What does a Fibre Channel Card do?

A

A Fibre Channel Card transfers data between servers across a network.

38
Q

What does a USB port do?

A

A USB port connects storage devices and input devices for data transfer.

39
Q

What does an Ethernet port do?

A

An Ethernet port connects computers to network devices such as a modem or router, allowing access to the internet.

-(Upload speeds through a wired network are faster than wifi)

40
Q

What does a Firewire Port do?

A

Transfers data at a high speed from devices such as camcorders and external hard drives.

41
Q

What does a SATA port do?

A

Allows data transfer to external HDD,SSD or optical drives.

42
Q

What does an SD port do?

A

Enables data from an SD card to be transferred to a device like a camera to the computer.

43
Q

What does a Micro SD port do?

A

Allows data from a micro SD card to be transferred from devices such as smartphones, tablets and hand held games consoles

44
Q

What is Troubleshooting?

A

Troubleshooting is to analyse and solve a problem with a computer system

45
Q

What can hardware troubleshooting be caused by?

A

1) Damage (accidental or deliberate)

2)Power surge

3)Malware

46
Q

What are the steps to take when troubleshooting a problem?

A

1) Identify the problem by looking for the simplest explanation

2)Create a theory about what the cause of the problem could be and test that theory using a series of troubleshooting tests

3)Create a troubleshooting plan and record the steps

4)Create a findings document and record the steps it took to solve the problem in case it has to be solved in the future.

47
Q

What should you document when troubleshooting?

A

1) The fault
2) The system
3) Date and time of when the fault occurred
4) The user
5) Symptoms
6) Problem history
7) Backup documentation

48
Q

What is a Hybrid Device?

A

A hybrid device is a device which combines several different technologies such as a modem, a switch, and a router.

Biology/Business/IT (8 decks)

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