ICT L.O.2 Flashcards

Question

What is an Operating system?

Answer 1

Software that manages the resources of a computer system. (Hardware-->OS-->Application-->User)

Answer 2

-Manages the hardware e.g. allocating to a graphics card or CPU time etc.) -Manages the applications you install (includes utility software as well) -Creates a user interface (e.g. taskbars) (ways for the user to interact and control the software) -provides a layer of security (since it controls hardware access) and tools like passwords and access controls may be built in. -Manages interrupts (deciding when a more important task should take over)

Answer 3

1) Single User OS--> only allows 1 user at a time (you can have multiple accounts but they cannot be used at a single time) 2) Multi-User OS--> allows multi-users at a time (usually done through a network terminal) -->Each user is allocated processor time. --> Multi-user OS needs to make sure one sure isn't damaging another user's files --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Single processor OS--> only supports 1 CPU (there can be multiple CPUs but only 1 is supported at a time) -Multi-tasking is still possible as the OS is dividing the CPU time into time slices which makes everything seem like its running in parallel. 4) Multi processor OS--> able to support multiple CPUs therefore throughput (how much you're doing at any given moment) may be increased as it is parallelised.

Answer 4

1) Instant Messaging--> short messages sent over the internet (e.g. WhatsApp) -->Sent straight away (maybe used for quick updates) 2) Short Message Service (SMS) --> short messages sent over cellular/satellite networks -->less advanced than instant messaging (i.e. you cannot send as long messages or send voice notes) -->Basic SMS doesn't support multimedia. 3) Email--> can be used to distribute information in the email body, an attachment or via a link to either one person (private) or large email lists (public). --> It is cheap/free, a large number of people can be targeted, and it is a form of a written record. HOWEVER, some people may ignore them as they may go in the junk folder. 4) Social media--> Businesses can buy adverts on social media --> They can also create social media accounts to share information and interact with customers. Positives: -Large number of people can be reached -Non-customers may see the messaging Negative: -Accounts may be targeted by attackers or trolls -Complaints and offensive comments may limit the core message

Answer 5

1) VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol)--> used to allow telephone calls over the internet. (P)-->Cheaper/free than cellular and allow user to make phone calls over the internet e.g. Microsoft teams or Zoom. (N)-->Relies on good internet connection and can potentially be less secure than cellular. 2) Personal Assistants (e.g. Siri/Alexa)--> Virtual Personal Assistants (PAs) which have voice recognition and/or respond to written commands. -They also do common tasks like play music, add an event to a calendar, and dictate messages (P)-->Speeds up processes like making appointments -Voice activated so can be used whilst otherwise busy -Language can be changed to suit people's preference (N)-->Recognition issue (sometimes it does not understand a command) -Huge privacy issue as these devices are always listening and companies store this data. 3) Video Conferencing-->allows communication with multiple people (P)-->Can see body language easier to understand better -Features like screen sharing (N)-->May be lag -May be miscommunication

Answer 6

Unexpected software behaviour: (usually caused by bugs in the software) : -Software not opening -Software freezing -Links not working -Artifacts on screen -Blue screen of Death (Stop error) -Reboot cycle

Answer 7

1) Logs-->Show details of what the computer has been doing. 2) Baselines-->Compare the system now to how it was in the past. (help to see the differences which may have caused the computer to crash) 3) Installable tools--> Can check specific details of the system (interrogate): -Memory dump-->copies and displays contents of RAM at the time of a crash to help a technician discover what happened . -Anti-Virus-->checks for malware which is slowing down the computer and deletes it. 4) Documentation-->Text to help find, understand ,and correct errors

Answer 8

Certain rules which allow two devices to communicate with each other. (usually developed in layers which perform a particular function).

Answer 9

1)Application layer 2)Transport layer 3)Network layer 4)Link layer (1->4 is when data is sent) (4->1 is when data is recieved)

Answer 10

1) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)--> Receives data from application and splits it into packets (when sending) and receives packets from the network and reassembles them to original (when receiving data) -(it works in the transport layer) -(Acknowledgement sent to sender when received and is then retransmitted). -Checks for errors when transferring data (whilst UDP does not) so it is slower than UDP 2) UDP (User Data Protocol)-->Used as an alternative to TCP as it does not retransmit packets (it will not check if a packet has arrived) -It is therefore quicker than TCP but less reliable. -Used for things such as live online gaming and live video calls. -(it works in the transport layer) 3) IP (Internet Protocol)--> in charge of routing and addressing data packets (ensures data packets are sent across networks to the right destination) -->it is also an addressing system as every device on a network is given a unique IP address so data packets can be sent to the correct computer system.

Answer 11

1) HTTP/HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)--> transfers web pages over the Internet so that the user can view them in a web browser. -HTTPS is a more secure version that works with another protocol called SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) to transfer encrypted data. 2) FTP (File Transfer Protocol)--> A protocol that can be used to transfer files across a network. 3) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)-->collects network status information (such as router errors) and is used for troubleshooting. 4) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)--> a protocol that records network statistics such as router usage. 5) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)--> a protocol use to send emails to a mail server and between mail servers. 6) POP (Post Office Protocol)-->Used for downloading and storing emails from a mail server.

Answer 12

(+) * Can meet remotely * Reduce travel costs * Reduce time taken for meeting * Reduce carbon footprint * Time and Location issues removed * Can see work/people * Can collaborate on-screen with modern tools (-) * High bandwidth is needed to show video * Stable connection needed to no cutouts in communication * Short lag time between speaking and getting response * Software may not support many people * Security issues may lead to data leakage * Cost of a high-quality kit is high

ICT L.O.2 Flashcards

(36 cards)