ICT Flashcards
Network
2 or more computers connected together to communicate
Topology
The layout of the network and the physical arrangement of components
Bluetooth
A method of wireless data transmission
Internet
A global collection of networks connecting computers and other hardware together to provide the infrastructure needed to access the WWW
How many purposes can a network might have?
2 - single and multiple purpose
Personal area network (PAN)
A small network set up for a specific purpose
Local area network (LAN)
A network over a small geographical area using personally owned or business-owned hardware
Wide area network (WAN)
A network that connects computers and LANs over a large geographic area using cables, fibre optics or satellites and can span cities countries and even across the globe
Password
A series of characters are needed to gain access to a system and they should be complex. This usually means they:
- are more than 8 characters long
- include numbers
- include capital and lowercase letters
- include other symbols
World wide web (WWW)
The websites that can be accessed over the internet
What is MAN?
Metropolitan (2 cities) area network
An example of a PAN
Connecting a phone to a speaker, a connection between a laptop and printer
An example of a WAN
A nationwide bank
What are the 5 types of networks?
PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN and the internet
Components
The hardware devices that make up a system
Node
a device on a network (the computers that are connected to the network and all devices that are used to connect the computers in a network)
Cable
a physical connection between devices
What are the 2 types of cables?
Copper cables and fibre optic
Copper cable
a cable connection that can either be UTP or STP and data is transferred as electricity
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
2 copper cables twisted together without any shielding
Shielded twisted pair (STP)
2 copper cables twisted together with shielding to reduce interference
Ethernet
A specific type of copper cable used in a network
What does the ethernet plug into?
A jack
Jack
A component an ethernet cable plugs into. Inside it is the NIC
Name 5 types of topology
Point-to-point, ring,star,bus,mesh
Fibre optic
A cable connection that transfers data as light and is faster than copper cables because it has a higher bandwidth
Bandwidth
The maximum amount of traffic that can be sent down a transmission media (a physical pathway) e.g. cable
Hub
A component that connects computers together. It send the data it receives to all devices connected. Since it wastes bandwidth, it is not considered as a smart device
Switch
A component that connects computers together and learns the identity of computers connected to it
Router
A component that connects computers and networks together and might have a modem inside it
Modem
Allows you to connect to the internet using telephone lines by converting sound waves from the telephone line into digital data that the computer understands
What does modem stand for?
Modulator-demodulator
Network interface card (NIC)
A component a computer that allows a cable to be plugged into it physically. It is built into devices.
Wireless
Sending data without cables, e.g. radio waves
Wireless access point (WAP)
A component that sends and receives data wirelessly. This is in hub, switches and routers
Wireless network interface card (WNIC)
A component in a computer that sends and receives data wirelessly
Server
A powerful central computer e.g. file,printer,email
File server
A computer that stores files (data) for other computers in the network to access
Print server
A computer that messages a printer. The data goes in the server then the server decides which order to print the documents
Email server
A computer that stores emails used to access in a business. If you want to read your emails you have to connect to the server
When do we need and not need a server?
A small network (LAN) shouldn’t need a server while a large organisation needs one to store all thier files etc
Why does a small network not need a server?
- Each computer can store its own data
- it’s expensive
- A hardware expert needs to maintain it
When do we use wires?
- When the devices has a NIC e.g. desktop computer
- when we need a high and faster bandwidth
When do we use wireless?
- When the devices have/use a WNIC e.g.phone
- when we have a small no. of devices in the network
When do we use wired and wireless?
- When some devices in the network have a NIC or WNIC
What do we need if we need access to the internet?
We need a modem
What do we need if we need access to another network?
A router
When do we use a hub?
- When we have a small no. of devices
- When it’s a small network
When do we need a switch?
- When we have a medium sized network
- when we need something more efficient than a hub
When do we need a router?
- When we have a large no. of devices
- When we need to connect to another network
Network diagram
It shows all the components that you need in the network and it shows the cables that connect computers and the components that these connect to
What are the 4 questions you need to ask to make a network diagram?
- Do we need a server?
- Do we need wires, wireless or mixed?
- Do you need access to the internet and/or another network?
- What will the computers connect to?
Updating
Installing a new feature or fix for a fault, to a piece of software you already have
Upgrading
Installing a completely new version of a piece of software
Access rights
Limiting or allowing users to perform certain actions
Hardware management
Looking after the hardware that makes up the network. This includes:
- setting up new devices
- Repairing devices
- Replacing devices
Software management
Looking after the software that runs the network. This includes:
- Installing software on the computers that connect to the network
- Installing software on the server
- Updating the software
- Upgrading the software
User management
When networks have user accounts that people have to log into. This includes:
- Creating new accounts
- Managing each user’s area on the server
- giving specific access rights to individual users
Hacker
A person who tries to gain unauthorised access to a system
Give examples of data that hackers could get access to.
- Personal information
- Private images or copyrighted material
- Financial details
- Confidential plans
What can unauthorised data be used to?
- Steal someone’s identity
- Steal money using financial records
- Claim that private images or copyrighted material that belong to someone else
- Use confidential plans to steal and sell ideas
Firewall
Hardware or software that prevents unauthorized transmissions. It watches the signals coming into and out of the network
Anti-malware
Software that detects malware and deletes it. When it’s installed it checks the files for malware and then either deletes it or put it into quarantine
Malware
A piece of software that is on your computer without your knowledge. It might delete your data or record what you are doing
Virus checker
An example of anti-malware that looks for and removes viruses
Encrytion
Data is jumbled using a key so it can’t be understood. Without the key it’s meaningless
Back up
making a copy of data somewhere else in case the original is lost or if someone gains access to the network
Star topology
A network where all computers connect to a central component
Mesh topology
A network where all computers connect to each other
Bus topology
A network where all computers connect to a central cable
Website
A collection of webpages
Audience
The people that will look at the webpage
Purpose
the reason the webpage is created
Webpage
A single page in a website
HTML
The language used to create webpages
Source code
The HTML code that is written to create a webpage
What software do we use to create websites?
Notepad
What is the basic structure of a webpage?
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Tag
A piece of code that is used to add content and styling to your webpage
Opening tag
The tag that goes at the start of the content
Closing tag
The tag that goes at the end of the content
What does <!DOCTYPE html> do?
It tells the software that you are creating a HTML document
How do you add a title to a wepbage?
You write <title>.....</title> in the head section
What does <html> do?
It tells the software where the webpage starts
How do you save a document as a webpage?
Clickon save as and add ‘‘.html’’ to the ending of the file name
Default setting
The settings that are initially applied to an element
What does </html> do?
It tells the software where the webpage ends
Formatting
changing the style of a webpage
What are the 2 types of texts in the body section?
Heading text (H1 and H2)and paragraph text (p)
What is <h1> used for?
To add a title to your webpage
What is <h2> used for?
To add a subtitle to your webpage
What is <p> used for?
To add all other text to your webpage
Navigation
This is what is used to move to the different webpages of a website
Hyperlinks
Links that can be clicked to navigate a website
Attribute
This is a characteristic of an element that is added to the webpage
Anchor
The text that is used and clicked for a link
What does the ‘href’ attribute do?
It tells the software where you want to link to
How do you make a hyperlink in a website?
By adding <a href=’‘webpage.html’‘>link text> </a>
Image quality
How good the image looks
What does img src mean?
Image source
Image size
The height and width measurements of an image
Pixel
A tiny dot and lots of them make up an image
Supported fonts
The fonts that can be displayed by all web browsers
What are the most commonly supported fonts in Notepad?
- Arial
- Bookman old style
- Courier
- Garamond
- Georgia
- Helvetica
- Times new roman
- Verdana
Alignment
Where the content is placed on the webpage (left, right or center)
How do we insert an image in a webpage?
We write <img></img>
How do we change the size of an image in a webpage?
By changing the width and height
(width=”…” Height=”…”)
Domain name
The name used to identify an IP address
IP address
A unique address given to a device when it connects to the internet
Domain name server
A directory or database of all the domain names and their matching IP address
Ethical behaviour
Behaving in a way that shows moral principles
