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Y8 T2 > Chem > Flashcards

Chem Flashcards

1
Q

Compounds

A

2 or more substances that are chemically combined, have a fixed ratio and turns in to a new substance so it has new properties

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2
Q

Mixtures

A

2 or more substances that mixed but not chemically combined,they don’t have a fixed ratio and they keep the properties of the induvidual substances

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3
Q

What are the 2 substances called in a mixture?

A

Components

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4
Q

Alloys

A

A mixture of elements and at least on of them is a metal

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5
Q

An example of an alloy

A

Brass - copper and zinc, Bronze - copper and tin, Steel - iron and carbon and sometimes chromium and nickel

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6
Q

How is mineral water a mixture?

A

The minerals are dissolved in it and can be separated. It is also a solution

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7
Q

Name different types of ways to separate mixtures.

A

Sieving, using a magnet, evaporation, filtration, distillation

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8
Q

Sieving

A

When we use a sieve to separate 2 solid components one big and one small. The bigger particles are left on the sieve

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9
Q

Using a magnet

A

When one of the components is magnetic e.g. iron and sulfur

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10
Q

Evaporation

A

When we have a soluble solid dissolved in a liquid so we heat it

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11
Q

Filtration

A

When we have an insoluble solid with a liquid we use a funnel, filter paper, and a beaker. The component left on the filter paper is called a residue and the component in the beaker is called a filtrate

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12
Q

Chromatography

A

a method used to separate mixtures of dissolved chemicals

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13
Q

Why do we use chromatography?

A

To study the dyes used in food and since black has more than one colour, chromatography will work very well

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14
Q

Distillation

A

When we have 2 liquids, we heat the mixture and it goes down then we use a condenser with cold water to condense the hot water and the liquid gets sent to the beaker

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15
Q

How can you do paper chromatography?

A

When we have chromatography paper we make a baseline and draw a dot with black ink. We use a beaker with water not above the black dot and slowly the colours will start to separate

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16
Q

Chromatogram

A

The resulting paper with all of the colurs

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17
Q

What are the last colours on the chromatogram?

A

The primary colours

18
Q

Capillary action

A

When the chromatography paper has tubes that the water molecules go though and it moves upwards

19
Q

Why do we use black ink?

A

Because it is a mixture of colours

20
Q

An example of ink that doesn’t dissolve in water

A

A permanent marker pen needs alcohol to dissolve it

21
Q

Solution

A

A mixture in which particles (solute) are mixed with particles of a liquid so that the substance can no longer be seen

22
Q

Solute

A

A substance that is dissolved

23
Q

Solvent

A

A liquid that substances dissolve in

24
Q

When a solute disappears in a solvent, what is it called?

A

Dissolving

25
Q

Is a solution a mixture or compound?

A

A mixture because it can be separated by evaporation

26
Q

Why is milk not a solution?

A

Because the particles did not completely disappear

27
Q

Conservation of mass

A

When there is no loss or gain of mass in a solution

28
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

A solution that has more solute particles than solvent and a higher concentration of solute dissolved

29
Q

What is a dilute solution?

A

A solution that has less solute particles than solvent and a low concentration of solute dissolved

30
Q

Soluble

A

When a solute can dissolve in a solvent

31
Q

Insoluble

A

When a solute can’t dissolve in a solvent

32
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

When we have the maximum amount of solute in a solvent and the solute can be seen at the bottom of the solution

33
Q

What is a unsaturated solution?

A

When we don’t have the maximum amount of solute in a solvent

34
Q

Solubility

A

The amount of solute that can dissolve in a certain amount (usually 100g) of solvent at a given temperature and pressure to produce a saturated solution

35
Q

What are the factors that affect solubility?

A

Temperature- The higher the temperature of the solvent, the faster the solute will dissolve
Shaking/stirring- Shaking (agitation) cause solids to dissolve faster
Particle size- smaller particles dissolve faster because they have more surface area

36
Q

What is something that doesn’t increase the rate of dissolving?

A

Increasing the amount of solute

37
Q

What are variables?

A

Things that could affect the results of an experiment

38
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable that you will change

39
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable that you will measure

40
Q

Control variable

A

The variable that you will keep the same

41
Q

Where do the independent and dependent variable go on a graph?

A

The independent variable- horizontal axis
The dependent variable- vertical axis

Y8 T2 (8 decks)

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