Bio Flashcards
Blood vessels
A tube that carries blood around the body
Oxygenated blood
Blood that has been to the lungs and picked up oxygen, so it has a lot of oxygen and very little carbon dioxide and is bright red
Deoxygenated blood
Blood that has been around the body and given up its oxygen to the body cells so it has a lot of carbon dioxide and very little oxygen and it’s a blueish-red
The circulatory system
Transport oxygen to all the body parts
Name all the parts of the heart
Arteries, veins, left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, values
Why is the left side of the heart on our right and vice-versa?
Because the person is facing you
How does the heart work?
It is a muscle that contracts and relaxes. When it contracts it gets smaller, squeezes inwards, and pushes blood out of the heart.
When it relaxes, it gets longer and pushes blood into the heart
What are the 4 parts of the blood?
Plasma, platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells
Plasma
- Is a pale yellow liquid
- Transports dissolves substances (e.g. sugar) throughout the body
Platelets
- little fragments of cells
- helps the blood to clot and seal wounds
Red blood cells
- small cells
- contain a red pigment called haemoglobin
- when it combines with oxygen it turns into oxyhemoglobin that gets set to all the body parts. It’s a bright red
- without oxygen, it is a dull blueish-red
White blood cells
- has a nucleus
- 5 types
- some of them have finger structure that captures the bacterium and produces enzymes that kill the bacterium (neutrophils)
- some of them produce special molecules (antibodies) that attach to the bacteria
Describe one way red blood cells differ from white blood cells.
They have haemoglobin
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins and capillaries
Arteries
- They have very thick, elastic walls
- They need to be strong to withstand the strong forces as the heart pumps
- carry blood away from the heart
Veins
- They have thin walls and the space inside is larger
- They don’t need thick walls because it doesn’t need a strong force to enter the heart
- They have valves
- they carry blood into the heart
What is produced as a waste product in the respiratory system?
Carbon dioxide
Capillaries
- They are very tiny but big enough to let red blood cells pass through
- They are made of one layer of cells
- They connect the veins and arteries
- They supply cells with things that they need and take away their waste products
Valves
Make sure the blood flows in one direction only
Respiration
A chemical reaction that happens inside every living cell in which energy is released from glucose so that the cell can use it
What artery carries deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery
Respiratory system
The organs that help oxygen to get into the body and remove carbon dioxide from the body
Name all the parts in the respiratory system
Nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm, the muscle between the ribs
What % of the air is oxygen and what percent is carbon dioxide?
Oxygen- 20%
Carbon dioxide- 0.04%
How does inhalation work?
When we breathe in, air flows through our trachea, the 2 bronchi and the lungs then the blood carries the oxygen to all the body parts
Breathing
A process to get in oxygen and to get out carbon dioxide by moving muscles
What happens during inhalation?
- the chest gets bigger
- the diaphragm moves down
- the ribs move upwards
What happens during exhalation?
- the chest gets smaller
- the diaphragm moves up
- the ribs move downwards
Alveoli/air sacs
a tiny air-filled space inside the lungs
How does gas exchange happen?
When the deoxygenated blood goes into the capillary, it meets the air sac which has oxygenated blood. Oxygen diffuses into the blood capillary and the red blood cells and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood inside the capillary into the air sac
How does oxygen diffuses from an air sac into the blood?
Oxygen particles are constantly in motion and they move about randomly bumping into each other and sometimes bounce off the wall of the air sac and capillary and eventually travel through the other side
