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Molecular Biology Exam 2 > IC Compartments And Protein Sorting 1 > Flashcards

IC Compartments And Protein Sorting 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Shuttle Proteins Contain what?

Where do they shuttle?

A
  • NLS and NES

- B/w Nucleus and Cytosol

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of Nucleoporins?

A

Scaffold and Channel

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3
Q

Effects of changing Rate of Import/Export in the protein?

A

Can change the LOCATION of the Protein

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4
Q

Purpose of Ran-GTP

A

To Help unload cargo in the NUCLEUS

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5
Q

Characteristics of the Lysosome

A
  • Digestive enzymes

- Degrade organelles and biomolecules

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6
Q

Main Characteristic of NLS

A

Short sequences rich in POSITIVELY charged AA

LYSINE

And

ARGININE

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7
Q

Signal Patch

A

Mult. Scattered sequences in protein

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8
Q

T/F: Membrane Budding and Fusion allows the lumen of these compartments to communicate with each other AND with the Cell Exterior

A

True

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9
Q

Topological Compartmentalization of a cell

A

3 Categories Total

  1. Nucleus and Cytosol
  2. Organelles
  3. Mitochondria
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10
Q

Purpose of Ran-Gap

A

Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP in the Cytosol

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11
Q

What serves as the binding site for IMPORT receptors?

A

Phenylalanine/Glycine Repeats

FG

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12
Q

What is the total cell volume % of Mitochondria

A

22%

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13
Q

How to the Organelles communicate with each other?

A

Thorough VESICLES

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14
Q

NLS are recognized by what?

A

Nuclear Import Receptors (NIR)

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15
Q

% Total of cell Membrane: Liver vs Pancreatic Exocrine cell

  • Smooth ER
A

Liver
- 16%

Exocrine
- ~1%

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16
Q

Signal Sequence used to Import Into Nucleus

A

Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys

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17
Q

Characteristics of Nuclear Transport

A
  1. Gated
  2. BI-Directional
  3. Selective
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18
Q

How does the Nucleus communicate with the Cytosol?

A

Through the Nuclear PORE

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19
Q

What are NESs?

A
  • Export (Opposite to NIR)

- Necessary for molec to get out of the nucleus

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20
Q

Where are protein sorting signals localized?

A
  • On N or C terminus

Or

  • W/in Protein sequence
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21
Q

Gated Transport

A
  • B/w Nucleus and Cytosol
  • Through Nuclear PORE Complexes
  • Both Active Transport and Diffusion
22
Q

Protien transfers to various compartments are guided by what?

A

Sorting Signals

23
Q

Signal Peptidase?

A

REMOVES signal after Protein reaches final destination

24
Q

Characteristics of the Peroxisomes

A
  • Small Vesicular compartments that contain enzymes

- Used in OXIDATION rxns

25
Vesicular Transport
- Membrane enclosed transport intermediates | - Move proteins b/w various compartments via Vesicles
26
Characteristics of the Nucleus
- Contains Genome | - Principle site for DNA and RNA synthesis
27
% Total of cell Membrane: Liver vs Pancreatic Exocrine cell - Rough ER
Liver - 35% Exocrine - 60%
28
What are synthesized in the Nucleus and Exported to the Cytosol?
- tRNA | - mRNA
29
What Organelle communicates w/ the Cytosol via GATED transport?
Nucleus
30
Characteristics of the Plasma Membrane
- Outer boundary of the cell - Bilayer - has transporters - Signaling
31
Transmembrane Transport
- Membrane Protein translocators DIRECTLY transport specific proteins - From Cytosol to Organelle Membrane
32
Small Molecules enter the Nuclear pore by ____ while Large ones enter by _____.
1. Diffusion | 2. ACTIVE Transport
33
What holds the scaffolding Nucleoporins to the Nuclear envelope?
Membrane RING proteins
34
What are Nuclear Localization Signals (NLS)? Where are they located? What’s the purpose?
- Sorting Signals that direct Molecules to the Nucleus - Located on many diff sites on the proteins (forms LOOPS on surface) - SELECTIVE import of proteins into Nucleus
35
Characteristics of the ER
- Ribosomes Attached Rough and w/out is Smooth - Protein synth - Lipid synth - protein FOLDING - Storage of CA2+ - Signaling
36
Characteristics of the Mitochondria
- Outer and Inner membrane w/ matrix - Energy metabolism - Signaling - Cell DIFFERENTIATION - Cell Death
37
Characteristics of the Cytoplasm
- Consists of cytosol - Contains organelles - Intermediary Metabolism
38
Mechanisms to regulate Gene proteins
- Phosphorylation - Proteolysis - Binding to Inhibitory proteins
39
What proteins are needed in the Nucleus? How do they get there?
A 1. Histones 2. DNA and RNA Poly 3. Topoisomerase B - Imported from the CYTOPLASM where they are synthesized
40
Characteristics of the Golgi
- Stacks of disc-like compartments - Post translational changes on proteins and Lipids - Trafficking
41
What are signal sequences recognized by?
Complementary Receptors
42
Purpose of Ran-GEF
Ran-GP to Ran-GTP in the Nucleus
43
MOA for NIRs
1. Receptors plus cargo traverse NPC by - Binding - Dissociating - Rebinding to adjacent FG repeats 2. Cargo released INSIDE nucleus 3. NIR return to CYTOPLASM
44
What Organelle are communicated w/ the Cytosol via TRANSMEMBRANE transport?
1. Mitochondria 2. ER 3. Peroxisomes 4. Plastids
45
What are NIRs?
- Soluble Cytosolic proteins - Bind to NLS on the protein - Bind to NPC on the Fibrils
46
% Total of cell Membrane: Liver vs Pancreatic Exocrine cell - Inner Mitochondria Membrane
Liver - 32% Exocrine - 17%
47
What do NESs need to work?
Nuclear Export Receptors
48
What are Nuclear Pore Complexes composed of? How are they arranged?
A - 30 Diff proteins Or - Nucleoporins B - OCTAGONAL symmetry - One or more aqueous pore
49
Purpose of Ran-Gef
Removes GDP from Ran and adds GTP
50
Transport of NPC
- BI-Directional - Passive Diffusion of SMALL molecules - Facilitated Transport by binding particles to FIBRILS extending from NPC

Molecular Biology Exam 2 (7 decks)

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