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Molecular Biology Exam 2 > IC Compartments And Protein Sorting 1 > Flashcards

IC Compartments And Protein Sorting 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Shuttle Proteins Contain what?

Where do they shuttle?

A
  • NLS and NES

- B/w Nucleus and Cytosol

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of Nucleoporins?

A

Scaffold and Channel

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3
Q

Effects of changing Rate of Import/Export in the protein?

A

Can change the LOCATION of the Protein

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4
Q

Purpose of Ran-GTP

A

To Help unload cargo in the NUCLEUS

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5
Q

Characteristics of the Lysosome

A
  • Digestive enzymes

- Degrade organelles and biomolecules

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6
Q

Main Characteristic of NLS

A

Short sequences rich in POSITIVELY charged AA

LYSINE

And

ARGININE

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7
Q

Signal Patch

A

Mult. Scattered sequences in protein

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8
Q

T/F: Membrane Budding and Fusion allows the lumen of these compartments to communicate with each other AND with the Cell Exterior

A

True

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9
Q

Topological Compartmentalization of a cell

A

3 Categories Total

  1. Nucleus and Cytosol
  2. Organelles
  3. Mitochondria
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10
Q

Purpose of Ran-Gap

A

Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP in the Cytosol

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11
Q

What serves as the binding site for IMPORT receptors?

A

Phenylalanine/Glycine Repeats

FG

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12
Q

What is the total cell volume % of Mitochondria

A

22%

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13
Q

How to the Organelles communicate with each other?

A

Thorough VESICLES

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14
Q

NLS are recognized by what?

A

Nuclear Import Receptors (NIR)

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15
Q

% Total of cell Membrane: Liver vs Pancreatic Exocrine cell

  • Smooth ER
A

Liver
- 16%

Exocrine
- ~1%

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16
Q

Signal Sequence used to Import Into Nucleus

A

Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys

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17
Q

Characteristics of Nuclear Transport

A
  1. Gated
  2. BI-Directional
  3. Selective
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18
Q

How does the Nucleus communicate with the Cytosol?

A

Through the Nuclear PORE

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19
Q

What are NESs?

A
  • Export (Opposite to NIR)

- Necessary for molec to get out of the nucleus

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20
Q

Where are protein sorting signals localized?

A
  • On N or C terminus

Or

  • W/in Protein sequence
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21
Q

Gated Transport

A
  • B/w Nucleus and Cytosol
  • Through Nuclear PORE Complexes
  • Both Active Transport and Diffusion
22
Q

Protien transfers to various compartments are guided by what?

A

Sorting Signals

23
Q

Signal Peptidase?

A

REMOVES signal after Protein reaches final destination

24
Q

Characteristics of the Peroxisomes

A
  • Small Vesicular compartments that contain enzymes

- Used in OXIDATION rxns

25
Q

Vesicular Transport

A
  • Membrane enclosed transport intermediates

- Move proteins b/w various compartments via Vesicles

26
Q

Characteristics of the Nucleus

A
  • Contains Genome

- Principle site for DNA and RNA synthesis

27
Q

% Total of cell Membrane: Liver vs Pancreatic Exocrine cell

  • Rough ER
A

Liver
- 35%

Exocrine
- 60%

28
Q

What are synthesized in the Nucleus and Exported to the Cytosol?

A
  • tRNA

- mRNA

29
Q

What Organelle communicates w/ the Cytosol via GATED transport?

A

Nucleus

30
Q

Characteristics of the Plasma Membrane

A
  • Outer boundary of the cell
  • Bilayer
  • has transporters
  • Signaling
31
Q

Transmembrane Transport

A
  • Membrane Protein translocators DIRECTLY transport specific proteins
  • From Cytosol to Organelle Membrane
32
Q

Small Molecules enter the Nuclear pore by ____ while Large ones enter by _____.

A
  1. Diffusion

2. ACTIVE Transport

33
Q

What holds the scaffolding Nucleoporins to the Nuclear envelope?

A

Membrane RING proteins

34
Q

What are Nuclear Localization Signals (NLS)?

Where are they located?

What’s the purpose?

A
  • Sorting Signals that direct Molecules to the Nucleus
  • Located on many diff sites on the proteins (forms LOOPS on surface)
  • SELECTIVE import of proteins into Nucleus
35
Q

Characteristics of the ER

A
  • Ribosomes Attached Rough and w/out is Smooth
  • Protein synth
  • Lipid synth
  • protein FOLDING
  • Storage of CA2+
  • Signaling
36
Q

Characteristics of the Mitochondria

A
  • Outer and Inner membrane w/ matrix
  • Energy metabolism
  • Signaling
  • Cell DIFFERENTIATION
  • Cell Death
37
Q

Characteristics of the Cytoplasm

A
  • Consists of cytosol
  • Contains organelles
  • Intermediary Metabolism
38
Q

Mechanisms to regulate Gene proteins

A
  • Phosphorylation
  • Proteolysis
  • Binding to Inhibitory proteins
39
Q

What proteins are needed in the Nucleus? How do they get there?

A

A

  1. Histones
  2. DNA and RNA Poly
  3. Topoisomerase

B
- Imported from the CYTOPLASM where they are synthesized

40
Q

Characteristics of the Golgi

A
  • Stacks of disc-like compartments
  • Post translational changes on proteins and Lipids
  • Trafficking
41
Q

What are signal sequences recognized by?

A

Complementary Receptors

42
Q

Purpose of Ran-GEF

A

Ran-GP to Ran-GTP in the Nucleus

43
Q

MOA for NIRs

A
  1. Receptors plus cargo traverse NPC by
    - Binding
    - Dissociating
    - Rebinding to adjacent FG repeats
  2. Cargo released INSIDE nucleus
  3. NIR return to CYTOPLASM
44
Q

What Organelle are communicated w/ the Cytosol via TRANSMEMBRANE transport?

A
  1. Mitochondria
  2. ER
  3. Peroxisomes
  4. Plastids
45
Q

What are NIRs?

A
  • Soluble Cytosolic proteins
  • Bind to NLS on the protein
  • Bind to NPC on the Fibrils
46
Q

% Total of cell Membrane: Liver vs Pancreatic Exocrine cell

  • Inner Mitochondria Membrane
A

Liver
- 32%

Exocrine
- 17%

47
Q

What do NESs need to work?

A

Nuclear Export Receptors

48
Q

What are Nuclear Pore Complexes composed of? How are they arranged?

A

A
- 30 Diff proteins
Or
- Nucleoporins

B

  • OCTAGONAL symmetry
  • One or more aqueous pore
49
Q

Purpose of Ran-Gef

A

Removes GDP from Ran and adds GTP

50
Q

Transport of NPC

A
  • BI-Directional
  • Passive Diffusion of SMALL molecules
  • Facilitated Transport by binding particles to FIBRILS extending from NPC

Molecular Biology Exam 2 (7 decks)

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