IA Knowledge III Flashcards
Consists of raw materials that have been only partly transformed into their finished state or components that have not been installed or connected.
Work-in-process (WIP)
A systems management philosophy that states that every system has at least one constraint (bottleneck or barrier) limiting its output in pursuit of some goal.
Theory of constraints (TOC)
A circumstance where an organization owns and controls several different subsidiaries to promote cost and efficiency benefits.
Vertical integration
The number of employees who report to an individual in the chain of command.
Span of control
A global network used to deliver products and services from raw materials to end customers through an engineered flow of information, physical distribution, and cash.
Supply chain
Two-dimensional graphic representations of an operation in terms of the flow of activity through a process using graphic elements to represent tasks, flow, and inventory (storage).
Process flowcharts
A quality process improvement approach that focuses on the customer experience by reducing the number of defects in a process until they approach statistical insignificance.
Six Sigma
An organization’s formal decision-making framework and its way of organizing authority, responsibilities, and performance activities.
Organizational structure
A collection of analytical techniques that examine and measure the basic elements of processes in order to understand their activities, relationships, and contributions to organizational goals.
Process analysis
An organizational structure that is a team and project-based approach between functions and divisions.
Matrix structure
Commerce over mobile devices such as smart cell phones.
Mobile e-commerce
A comprehensive manufacturing production and inventory control methodology in which materials arrive exactly as they are needed for each stage of the production process.
Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing
A global network used to deliver products and services from raw materials to end customers through an engineered flow of information, physical distribution, and cash.
Logistics network
An organizational structure in which authority and decision-making are arranged by functional groups such as finance, marketing, manufacturing, and research.
Functional structure
The management area that focuses on reducing the costs of holding and transporting inventory without sacrificing customer service.
Inventory management
Products that are ready-to-wear, ready-to-eat, ready-to-drive, or ready-to-use and are waiting to be purchased.
Finished goods
A graphical representation of the actual or ideal path followed by any service or product; provides a visual sequence of the steps in a process, illustrates the relationship between parts, and identifies what the process does or should do.
Flowchart
The transfer of monetary value and financial data from one bank to another.
Electronic funds transfer (EFT)
A language used for Internet applications; it is accessible by any type of computer platform, allows new tags to be defined, has interactive elements, and eases interapplication communication.
Extensible markup language (XML)
Conducting commercial activities over the Internet.
E-commerce
An intercompany communication directly between applications in standard format.
Electronic data interchange (EDI)
An organizational structure for grouping work into specialized units and jobs.
Departmentalization
Organizational structure in which divisions are fairly autonomous units.
Divisional structure
The attitude and actions of the board and management regarding the importance of control within the organization; provides the discipline and structure for the achievement of the primary objectives of the system of internal control.
Control environment
An organizational structure in which there are fewer levels of authority, a shorter chain of command, and a wider span of control.
Decentralized structure
The line of authority in an organization.
Chain of command
A manufacturing system that completely integrates all factory and office functions within an organization throughout the life cycle of a product or service.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
The maximum rate of output generated by a process.
Capacity
An organizational structure in which there are several levels of authority, a long chain of command, and a narrower span of control.
Centralized structure
Marketing and selling products to customers online.
Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce
An online tool set for employees.
Business-to-employee (B2E) e-commerce
A fundamental rethinking of business processes in order to achieve improvements in cost, quality, service, and speed.
Business process reengineering (BPR)
Any direct link between businesses and the use of online business marketplaces, such as EDI or online catalogs.
Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce
A method of electronic funds transfer that sends payments in batches.
Automated clearing house (ACH)
A limiting factor, barrier, or constraint that slows down a product’s total cycle time.
Bottleneck
