I/O Psych Theory

Question 1

Maslow

Answer 1

All humans have five basic sets of needs that express themselves over the life span of an individual and act as internal “pushes” or drives

1. Physiological - food, water, air
2. Safety - shelter, control, order
3. Social - friendship, intimacy, acceptance
4. Esteem - status - External - validation from others - Internal - self-esteem, confidence, dignity
5. Self-actualization - finding the meaning in life that is more important to oneself

Question 2

Herzberg

Answer 2

Two factor theory states that certain characteristics of a job are consistently related to jobsatisfaction and different factors are associated with job dissatisfaction.

●The characteristics associated with job dissatisfaction are called hygiene factors.
●Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are not opposites
○The opposite of Satisfaction is No Satisfaction
○The opposite of Dissatisfaction is No Dissatisfaction

Question 3

Reinforcement Theory (Operant Conditioning)

Answer 3

●Behaviorist, B.F skinner was a key contributor to the reinforcement theory
●One of the oldest theories of motivation and based on the Thorndike’s (1898) law of effect
○Behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and
behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is less likely to be repeated.

Question 4

Taylorism/ scientific management

Answer 4

Frederick Taylor developed this theory in an effort todevelop a “science” for every job within an organization according to the following principles:

●Create a standard method for each job
●Successfully select and hire proper workers
●Effectively train these workers
●Support these workers

Question 5

Job Characteristic Theory (JCT)

Answer 5

Developed by Hackman and Oldham build off the Core Characteristic model

●Based on the same five job characteristics (skill variety, task variety, task significance, autonomy, and feedback)
●Widely used as a framework to study how particular job characteristics affect job outcomes, including job satisfaction
●Motivating potential score: uses the equation below to estimate the overall motivation inherent in a job design based upon the five core characteristics.

Question 6

Core Characteristics Model

Answer 6

five important job elements that motivate workers and performance:

Skill variety
Task identity
Task significance
Autonomy
Job feedback

Question 7

Equity theory

Answer 7

John Stacey Adams, a workplace and behavioral psychologist, who developed his job motivation theory in 1963 and acknowledges that there are subtle and variable factors affect an employee’s assessment and perception of their relationship with their work and their employer.

Individuals develop their perception of fairness by calculating a ratio of their inputs and outcomesand then comparing this to the ratio of others