Hypoxia, Hypercapnia & Resp Failure

Question 1

Definition of hypoxia

Answer 1

Deficiency of oxygen at tissue level

Question 2

What is the most common type of hypoxia?

Answer 2

Hypoxaemia (decreased PaO2) arterial pp92

Question 3

What are the 4 causes of hypoxia?

Answer 3

Hypoventilation
Diffusion impairment
Shunt
V/Q mismatch

Question 4

How does hypoventilation cause hypoxia?

Answer 4

Increased PaCO2 (arterial pp CO2)

Question 5

How does diffusion impairment cause hypoxia?

Answer 5

Thickening of membranes/ alveolar membrane

Question 6

How does shunting cause hypoxia?

Answer 6

Septal defect, perfuming unventilated alveoli

Question 7

How does V/Q mismatch cause hypoxia?

Answer 7

Most common cause

Occurs in chronic obstructive lung disease

Question 8

What is hypercapnia?

Answer 8

CONSTITUTES RESPIRATORY DRIVE

CO2 retention and an increased arterial ppCO2

Question 9

What is the most common cause of hypercapnia?

Answer 9

Hypoventilation

Also sometimes V/Q mismatch

Question 10

Type 1 resp failure

What happens and causes?

Answer 10

Low pO2 - hypoxia
Normal/low pCO2
Pulmonary embolism

Question 11

Type 2 resp failure

What happens and causes?

Answer 11

Low pO2 - hypoxia
High CO2 - hypercapnia
Hypoventilation