Hypoxia

Question 1

What’s the difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia

Answer 1

Hypoxia: low o2 levels in the tissues (aerobic cellular metabolism)
Causes tachycardia, hypertension, mental confusion and dizziness

Hypoxemia: low o2 in the blood

Question 2

What is hypoxemia hypoxia

Answer 2

Low o2 levels at the tissues caused by low pao2 ( pressure at arterial level to push o2 and blood) Aka reduced arterial oxygenation

What causes it- increased altitude, hypo ventilation, pneumoconiosis, v/q mismatch and pulmonary shunting

Question 3

What is stagnant hypoxia

Answer 3

Reduced blood flow- low oxygen carrying capacity and o2 content in blood

Caused by- decreased hemoglobin, anemia, hemorrhage, cardiogenic heart failure

Question 4

Anemic hypoxia

Answer 4

Reduced o2 content
Caused by- hypotension(low bp), low hemoglobin, carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 5

Histotoxic hypoxia

Answer 5

Inability of tissue cells to use oxygen
Caused by- poisoning, infections,
Pt can turn blueish

Question 6

What is total o2 content

Answer 6

Total amount of o2 in blood
Normal is 17-20 per 100 ml of blood
Cao2= (Hb x 1.34 x sao2) +( 0.003 x Pao2)

Question 7

What is C(a-v) o2

Answer 7

Cao2-cvo2

Question 8

What is the normal range for cao2 and cvo2

Answer 8

Cao2 arterial blood normal 17-20
Cvo2 venous blood 12-16

Question 9

What is the oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve

Answer 9

Binding affinity of hemoglobin to o2 is inversely related to blood acidity and co2 concentration

Question 10

What happens and why is there a right shift

Answer 10

Hemoglobin has a decreased affinity for o2 with an increase in co2

Caused by- increased temp, increased pco2, increased 23DPG, and decreased ph
Pt probably is hypoventilating

Question 11

Why and what causes a left shift

Answer 11

Caused by decreased temp, decreased pco2, decreased 23DPG, increased ph , co poisoning and methemoglobinemia