Hypothalamus CIS Flashcards by Amanda Beach

Major blood supply to ant pituitary is what

long portal vessels

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minor blood supply to ant pituitary is what

short portal vessels

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What type of hormones act on post pituitary

neuroendocrine

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What type of hormones act on the anterior pituitary

tropic hormones from hypothalamus

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How do pituitary adenomas affect vision

can press on optic chiasm

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What hormones come from poist pituitary

oxytocin and ADH

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What hormones come from ant pituitary

GH, prolactin, LH/FSH, TSH, ACTH

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What groups of classes can cause hypopituitarism

pituitary diseases, hypothalamic disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke

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What could be signs of postinfarction to anterior pituitary

fatgiue, unable to lactate, amenorrhea,, weight retention, skin a voice changes

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What hormones explain fatigue? unable to lactate, amenorrhea, wight retention, skin and voice changes, BP

ACTH releases cortisol which maintains BP(so lack of)
TSH (weight control)
amenorrhea(lack of FSH and LH)
unable to lactate(porlactin)

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If potassium levels are normal what hormone from pituitary can you expect is ok

aldosterone

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Why would infarction to ant pituitary cause low blood glucose

no ACTH, no cortisol(helps maintain blood glucose)

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Why are pregnant women susceptible to pituitary infarction?

The lactotrophs are enlarged due to pregnancy.

Also pregnant women have and enlarged pituitary

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How come in Sheehan syndrome is the post pituitary relatively unaffected

blood from a different source- inferior hypophyseal a

does not enlarge during pregnancy

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How is aldosterone level normal when ant pituitary infarcted

renin-angiotensin system

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What are the physiologic causes of hyperprolactinemia

pregnancy, nipple stimulation, stress

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What are the pathologic causes of hyperprolactinemia

lactotroph adenomas

decreased dopaminergic inhibition

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What can cause decreased dopaminergic inhibition

hypothalamic and pituitary disease

drug use

What are other causes of hyperprolactinemia

estrogen, hypothyroidism, chest wall injury, chronic renal failure, idiopathic hyperprolactinemia
macroprolactinmeia
genetic

prolactin is inhibited by what

dopamine

Increased prolactin levels affect what hormone

suppress GnRH

how does central diabetes inspidus affect ADH levels

decreased released because suppresses secretions from posterior pituitary

If every anterior pituitary hormone is low except high prolactin what could be the cause

decreased secretion of dopamine which usually inhibits prolactin
problem to hypothalamus
infundibulum could have been severed. hormones not transmitted from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary

what would hormone levels look like in a pituitary adenoma

LH/FSH levels might be low because of feedback

prolactin levels would be high( inhibit gonadotropins)

What is the most common cause of acromegaly

somatotroph adenoma of anterior pituitary

What are the other causes of acromegaly

GHRH secretion from hypothalamic tumors or neuroendocrine tumors or ectopic GH secretion by neuroendocrine tumors

What stimulates GH release

deep sleep, alpha adrenergic, fasten, Ach, sex steroids, stress, aa, hypoglycemia, ghrelin

What are the supressors of GH release

obesity beta adrenergics glucocorticoids, high FFA, hyperglycemia, hypothyroidism, IGF-1

What inhibits release of IGF, intrinsic growth factor

undernutrition, acute illness, chronic illness, GH receptor deficiency, GHR Ab, IGF-1 R deficiency

describe the effects of protein intake, carb intake, and fasting on GH

protein intake increases somatomedin which increases GH Carb intake causes no big change in somatomedin which decreases GH fasting decreases somatomedin so increase in GH

How come in fasting GH increases and growth decreases

because there is a decrease in growth from decreased insulin from decreased somatomedin

What are the progressive changes in acromegaly

deepened skin creases, thickened skin, bulbous nose and lips, jaw appeared more prominent, hands were bulky

Why are IGF levels more useful in diagnosing acromegaly

if GH elevated IGF elevated, IGF is more durable and easier to detect GH is very pulsatile

If there is a deficiency in hormones, what is the way to Dx

test it, try to activate it

What is bitemporal hemianopsia

blindness in certain visual fields

When are suppression tests used for hormone regulation testing

when it is suspected that there is over secretion | looking for normal regulation

What metabolic disturbances result in physical changes seen in acromegaly

increased lipolysis increased protein synthesis (lean body mass) glucose- GH opposes insulin so can result in DM II

How does the body compensate to the increased insulin insensitivity

hyperplasia of Beta cells

What are Tx for acromegaly from GH secreting tumor on ant pituitary

surgical resection of neoplasm, stereotactic radiotherapy | lifelonge medicaly therapy with somatostatin analogue octeotide or GH R antagonist pegvisomant

what is the effect of somatostatin on GH

inhibits further release through neg feedback loop

How does GH lead to increased linear growth

actions of IGF-1 | altered cartilage metabolism

What is the effect of TRH on prolactin

increase amount released

Why in hypothyroidism is TRH increased

not getting feedback since no TSH is actually being released