Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENDO I > adrenal gland cis > Flashcards

adrenal gland cis Flashcards

1
Q

What is pheochromocytoma

A

tumor of chromaffin tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms like in pheochromocytoma

A

hypertension, orthostatic hypotension
headaches, sweating, palpitations
anxiety, chest pain, flushing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does pheochromocytoma produce

A

excess catecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what degrades epineprhine, dihydroxymandelic acid and norepi

A

catechomaline-O-methyltransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are measure to determine total catecholamine production

A

catecholamines, metanephrines, vanillylmandelic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is vanillylmandelic acid found

A

in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of receptor is a catecholamine R

A

adrenergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What catecholamine has a higher affinity for the Beta 2 R

A

epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which Receptor is responsible for a pounding heart and increased HR

A

Beta 1, norepi and epi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What Receptor is responsible for increased BP and cold hands and feet

A

alpha 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of drug would you give someone to control their BP prior to surgery

A

an alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What hormone is in excess in cushing’s

A

cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what hormone is deficient in hypocotisolism

A

cortisol and aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When sex steroids are in excess what is it called

A

hirsutism/virilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the various causes of cushings

A

ACTH dependent, independent, factitious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the Dx tests for cushings

A

overnight DST, or late night salivary cortisol or 24 hr urine free cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the DST lab

A

dexamethasone suppression test

18
Q

explain the abnormal central adiposity in cushings with wasting of legs

A

excess cortisol affects metabolism

also causes proteolysis (wasting of legs)

19
Q

Why do you see decreased bone density in cushings

A

cortisol inhibits bone formation, increased bone resorption

20
Q

how does cushings lead to hypertension

A

cortisol upregulates alpha adrenergic R on vascular smooth muscle
cross reactivity with mineralocotricoid R (increase aldosterone?)

21
Q

how does cushings lead to hyperglycemia

A

increased gluconeogenesis

22
Q

What are cortisol’s effects on immune system

A

anti-inflammatory and suppress immune responses

23
Q

what would be the effects of no cortisol on BP

A

hypotension

24
Q

What are the effects of cortisol on LH, FSH, TSH, GH

A

decreases the release

25
Q

what is 11B-HSdehydrogenase 2 responsible for

A

the cross-reactivity of cortisol with mineralocorticoid R

26
Q

What happens in oversaturation of the 11B-HSD2 enzyme

A

overproduction of aldosterone, leading to hypokalemia

27
Q

What are causes of primary adrenal insufficiency(addisons)

A 
autoimmune(autoAb)
metastatic disease
adrenalectomy
infectious adrenalitis
adrenoleukodystrophy
hemorrhagic infarction
infiltrative
drugs
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
28
Q

What can cause infectious adrenalitis

A

TB
disseminated fungal infections
HIV

29
Q

lack of cortisol response to ACTH stimulation test indicates deficiency in what

A

adrenal gland

30
Q

What are aldosterone levels like in someone with pituitary loss

A

normal because of renin

31
Q

how are primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency different

A

primary presents with hyperpigementation

32
Q

which R binds ACTH

A

MC2R

33
Q

at high levels ACTH, what other R does it cross react with? result?

A

cross with MC1R which causes an increase in pigmentation

34
Q

What are the types of primary hyperaldosteronism

A

bilateral hyperplasia of zona glomerulosa
solitary aldosterone-producing adenoma
adrenal carcinoma
glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism

35
Q

What are key signs to primary aldosteronism

A

hypertension, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia

metabolic alkalosis

36
Q

What is an appropriate screening test for recognizing feedback loops in adrenal disease

A

ratio of aldosterone to plasma renin activity

37
Q

how can Na levels be normal range in hyperaldosteronism

A

Na escape method

38
Q

if urinary cortisol is high
DST does not suppress
ACTH levels are high
What is the classification of cushings

A

ACTH dependent

39
Q

What test do you do to evaluate endocrine function if you suspect cortisol deficiency

A

stimulation. ACTH

40
Q

why do patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency have hyponatremia

A

increased ADH secretion, dilutes

ENDO I (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions