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Endocrine > Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

How are the hypothalamus and pituitary gland connected to each other?

A

Infundibulum (pituitary stalk)

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2
Q

What are the different types of pituitary tissue?

A

Anterior

Posterior

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3
Q

What type of hormones are released by the hypothalamus?

A

Neurohormones

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4
Q

What type of hormones are released by the posterior pituitary?

A

Neurohormones

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5
Q

What type of hormones are released by the anterior pituitary?

A

Endocrine

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6
Q

What are the two forms of neurohormones released by the hypothalamus?

A

Trophic

Non-trophic

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7
Q

What are trophic hormones?

A

Neurohormones secreted into capillaries travelling to anterior pituitary

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8
Q

What are non trophic hormones?

A

Neurohormones produced in hypothalamus and travel to posterior pituitary then released into blood

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9
Q

What are the trophic hormones that control secretion of other endocrine glands?

A 
Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) 
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) 
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) 
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GRH) 
Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)
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10
Q

What are the anterior pituitary trophic hormones that inhibit the release of an

A

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

Dopamine/ Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)

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11
Q

What is the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system?

A

Network of vessels which transfer trophic hormones from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary

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12
Q

Where are hormones released from in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system?

A

Median eminence

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13
Q

What are the anterior pituitary trophic hormones that control secretion of other endocrine glands?

A 
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) 
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 
Luteinising hormone (LH) 
Growth hormone (GH)
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14
Q

What anterior pituitary trophic hormone directly stimulates milk production from breast during lactation?

A

Prolactin

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15
Q

What are the hormones that the posterior pituitary stores and releases?

A

Vasopressin (Anti diuretic hormone)
Oxytocin

(Both peptide neurohormones)

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16
Q

What is the main function of vasopressin?

A

Regulates water balance

17
Q

What triggers the release of vasopressin?

A

Increased plasma osmolarity

Decreased volume/blood pressure

18
Q

What is the main function of oxytocin?

A

Milk ejection and uterine contraction

19
Q

What triggers the release of oxytocin?

A

Labour

Suckling

20
Q

What is a first degree endocrine disorder?

A

Defect is in the cells that secrete the hormone

21
Q

What is a second degree endocrine disorder?

A

Too little/much trophic hormone from pituitary

22
Q

What is a third degree endocrine disorder?

A

Relate to hypothalamic defects

Endocrine (23 decks)

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