Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine > Endocrine Pancreas > Flashcards

Endocrine Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal range of blood glucose?

A

4.2-6.3mM 980-120mg/dl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the useful blood glucose reference for hypoglycaemia?

A

<3mM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 key endocrine hormones produced by the pancreas?

A

Insulin

Glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are pancreatic hormones produced?

A

Islets of Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the four types of islets of langerhans cells?

A

Alpha
Beta
Delta
F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of alpha cells?

A

Produce glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of beta cells?

A

Produce insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of delta cells?

A

Produce somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of F cells?

A

Produce pancreatic polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What class of hormones does insulin belong to?

A

Peptide hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of insulin?

A

Stimulates glucose uptake by cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of leptin?

A

Released by fat stores to depress feeding activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the absorptive state?

A

Ingested nutrients supply the energy needs of the body and excess is stored. Anabolic phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the post absorptive/fasted state?

A

Reliance on body stores to provide energy. Catabolic phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the significance of insulin as a hormone?

A

Only hormone which lowers blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of channel is specific to beta cells?

A

Potassium ion channel that is sensitive to ATP within the cell

17
Q

What are some of the additional actions of insulin?

A

Increases glycogen synthesis in muscle and liver
Increases amino acid uptake into muscle, promoting protein synthesis
Has a permissive effect on growth hormone
Promotes K+ ion entry into cells
Inhibits the enzymes of gluconeogenesis in the liver

18
Q

What stimuli increase insulin release?

A 
Increased blood glucose 
Increased amino acids in plasma 
Glucagon 
Vagal nerve activity 
Other hormones controlling GI secretion and motility
19
Q

What stimuli inhibit insulin release?

A

Low blood glucose
Somatostatin
Stress
Sympathetic alpha 2 effects

20
Q

What is the primary purpose of glucagon?

A

Raises blood glucose

21
Q

When is glucagon most active?

A

Post-absoprtive state

22
Q

What is the result of glucagon receptors being activated?

A

Increased glycogenolyis
Increased gluconeogenesis
Formation of ketones from fatty acids

23
Q

Describe glucagon receptors

A

G coupled proteins linked to adenylate cyclase/cAMP

24
Q

What stimulates glucagon secretion?

A

Blood glucose <5.6mM

Amino acids

25
Q

What are the stimuli that promote glucagon release?

A 
Low blood glucose 
High amino acid 
Cortisol 
Stress 
Sympathetic innervation and epinephrine, beta2 effect
26
Q

What are the stimuli that inhibit glucagon release?

A

Glucose
Free fatty acids
Insulin
Somatostatin

27
Q

What is the effect of increased parasympathetic (vagus) activity?

A

Increased insulin

Increased glucagon

28
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic activation?

A

Increased glucagon
Increased epinephrine
Inhibition of insulin

29
Q

What is the main action of somatostatin?

A

Inhibit activity in the GI tract

30
Q

How does somatostatin function?

A

Slow down absorption of nutrients to prevent exaggerated peaks in plasma concentrations

31
Q

What is the effect of exercise on blood glucose?

A

Entry of glucose into skeletal muscle increases

Increases insulin sensitivity of muscle

32
Q

What is the effect of starvation on blood glucose?

A

Adipose tissue breaks into free fatty acids

Liver converts excess FFAs to ketone bodies

Endocrine (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions