Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

energy expending mechanisms

A

Caudolateral- Sympathetic effector areas

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2
Q

conservation of energy

A

Rostromedial- Parasympathetic areas

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3
Q

energy expending mechanisms

A

Caudolateral- Sympathetic effector areas

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4
Q

two primary neurosecretory mechanisms

A
  1. Tuberoinfundibular system
  2. Supraopticohypophysial system
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5
Q

neurons that produce releasing factors that cause the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary

A

Tuberoinfundibular system

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6
Q

neurons release neurohormones directly into the bloodstream

A

Supraopticohypophysial system

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7
Q

lesion in the Supraopticohypophysial system results in

A

diabetes insipidus

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8
Q

lies lateral to the column of the fornix and mammillothalamic tract

A

Lateral hypothalamic zone

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9
Q

the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) carries what

A

autonomic information

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10
Q

lateral hypothalamic nuclear zone is important in that its neurons broadly comprise of

A

the feeding center

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11
Q

involved in the incorporation of short term memory into long term memory as part of the circuit of Papez

A

Mammillary Region

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12
Q

descending projections are particularly important in the regulation of autonomic reflexes

A

Communication: hypothalamic connections

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13
Q

primary memory circuit

A

Papez’s Circuit

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14
Q

autonomic “coloring” of memory seems to come from pathways outside of this primary one

A

Papez’s Circuit

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15
Q

what tract controls parasympathetic control afferents

A

Hypothalamospinal tracts

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16
Q

continue through the medulla to the spinal cord to the intermediolateral cell column (sympathetic control) and sacral parasympathetic nuclei

A

hypothalamomedullary tracts

17
Q

kidneys will trigger the release

A

angiotensin II in the blood

18
Q

has intrinsic receptors on temperature sensing neurons near the lamina terminalis

A

Temperature regulation

19
Q

temperature sensors stimulate the caudal hypothalamus that then stimulates:

A
  • heat conservation
  • heat production
20
Q
  • cutaneous vasoconstriction
  • caudolateral group
A

heat conservation

21
Q
  • Shivering
  • mediated by reticulospinal pathways
A

heat production

22
Q

Hypothalamic nuclei helps with what

A

Circadian rhythms/sleep-wake cycles

23
Q

direct and retinal projections, and appears to control circadian rhythm activities as one primary sensory arm

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

24
Q

is released by adipocytes and acts directly on the hypothalamus

A

Leptin

25
Q

leptin and transmits signals to the ….

A

paraventricular nucleus using anorexic (appetite inhibiting) peptides.

26
Q

leptins main goal is to do what?

A

regulator of feeding behavior and metabolism

27
Q

where is leptin concentrated?

A

Highly concentrated in the lateral hypothalamus

28
Q

When there is an increase of metabolism this causes …

A

a decrease in feeding behaviors and appetite

29
Q

When there is a lesion and a decrease of leptin will cause a …

A

decrease in metabolism and an increase in feeding behaviors / appetite

30
Q

what causes anorexia or lateral hypothalamic syndrome

A

decrease of leptin will cause a decrease in metabolism and an increase in feeding behaviors / appetite

31
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus contains what?

A

receptors for glucose

32
Q

This area and the arcuate nucleus is sensitive to …

A

levels of insulin

33
Q

This means that blood glucose and insulin levels are …

A

linked to feeding behavior

34
Q

If there is a lesion then it will produce

A

overeating and obesity

35
Q

Ghrelin

A

Is a peptide that is within the stomach that tells us when our stomach is empty and we are hungry

36
Q

how does ghrelin stimulate appetite?

A

activation of neurons in the arcuate nucleus