Basal Nuclei & Cerebellum Flashcards
Most volitional motor output arises from where and as what?
cerebral cortex as the corticospinal and corticonuclear tracts
what are the 2 primary areas?
- Supplementary motor cortex
- Primary motor cortex
Associated with the planning of movements
Supplementary motor cortex
Associated with the execution of movements
Primary motor cortex
Basic motor plan is sent to ___ where it is ____ into the flow of muscle activity
basal nuclei; coded
___ then processes the code in the ___for assembly
thalamus; motor cortex
Then translated into ___ by selection of the _____ and _____ output circuits to the spinal cord and brainstem
motor activity; corticospinal; corticonuclear
name of 2 pathways that the striatum can take?
direct or indirect
from the globus pallidus to the thalamus
direct
external segment of the globus pallidus to the subthalamic nucleus to get to the thalamus
indirect
If we activity the direct pathway we will what?
facility specific movements
If we activate the indirect pathway we will what?
inhibit specific movements
Excess inhibition of the thalamus can cause reduced movement
hypokinesis
Output for both of the pathways is to control
inhibitory influences of the internal segment of the globus pallidus
volitional activity
exit from the thalamus
exit from the brainstem causes what?
postural control & locomotion patterns
processing occurs within ___ hemisphere of the brain so the effects of basal nuclei damage will be shown on the ___
1; corticolateral side
flexors of the arm and forearm
rubrospinal tracts
what tract causes extension?
reticulospinal tracts
control of the vestibular nuclei and the cerebellum
vestibulospinal tracts
information about movements is collected from diverse sources
- muscle spindles
- joint receptors
- skin
- lots of vestibular information
Cerebellar processing of information is
rapid and complex
body muscle spindle and sensory information
spinocerebellar tracts
automatic control of balance
vestibulospinal tracts
influence on posture
reticulospinal tracts
minor role in humans (needed rapid adjustments of posture during movements)
rubrospinal tract
- balance and vestibular functions
- some influence on eye movements
Flocculonodular lobe ( vestibulocerebellum)
- posture and proximal (axial) body
- some eye movements
Vermis and paravermal regions (spinocerebellum)
- Movements of the limbs
- primarily the arms
Lateral cerebellar hemispheres (cerebrocerebellum / pontocerebellum)
Output is the medial and lateral vestibulospinal tracts, medial reticulospinal tracts, and medial corticospinal tract
Vermis and paravermal regions (spinocerebellum)
Lateral cerebellar hemispheres (cerebrocerebellum / pontocerebellum) have what tract output?
the corticospinal and corticonuclear tracts
