Auditory and Vestibular Disturbances Flashcards
Blood supply to Auditory and Vestibular Apparatus
Labyrinthine artery (anterior inferior cerebellar artery)
- Vertigo / dizziness
- Nystagmus
- Unstable gait
Vascular related injury
Disturbance of hair cells
- Stereocilia of hair cells
- Can be disturbed or lost
- Can be sheared of the base
- As a result if damaged they will not regenerate if broken
Endolymph over secreting or not enough can also cause
Ménière disease
physical disturbance in pressure and chemical disturbance by drugs
Ménière disease
- Severe vertigo
- Positional nystagmus
- Nausea
- Sensation of fullness or pressure in the ear
- Auditory symptoms: Tinnitus
Ménière disease
(ringing in the ears) or ipsilateral sensorineural (loss of hair cells) hearing loss / central hearing loss
Tinnitus
2 types of tinnitus
objective & subjective
actual sound that can be detected
Objective tinnitus
neural disturbance → disruption of system results in ringing and there is no sound be made
Subjective tinnitus
tinnitus can be accompanied by what?
hyperacusis
decreased sound tolerance, central brainstem damage, or damage to CN 5 -7
hyperacusis
the treatment of diuretic and salt restricted diet to reduce hydrops (worst results is a shunt or damaging the nerve hairs cells) is for what?
Ménière disease
Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve (tumor of the nerve)
Acoustic Neuroma
- Reduction of hearing on one side (monaural deafness)
- Dizziness
- Nasua
- Spatial disorientation
Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve
hearing loss over loud sounds overtime - disturbance due to ossicles or hair cells
Conductive deafness
2 main tests for conductive deafness
Rinne test & Weber test
tests air conduction and bone conduction
Rinne test
hearing the tuning fork in the air near each ear
Rinne test
tests to see if only bone conduction is being used
Weber test
the tuning fork is placed on the center of the forehead
Weber test
The bone vibrating conducts better on the poor side due to the vibrations
Weber test
damage to the nerve or cochlear neural apparatus (loss the ability to process sound)
Sensorineural deafness or central hearing loss
- Trauma from high sound
- Inner ear infections
- Ototoxic drug → glycosides
- Age related hearing loss
damage to the neural transduction system
damages the hair cells
glycosides
age related hearing loss
Presbyacusis
Loss of hair cells in cochlea
Cochlear Implants
treatment for Cochlear Implants
electrode transduction system can be implanted to stimulate the cochlear nerve components directly
Middle ear reflex damage –> sensitivity to loud sounds
Hyperacusis
damage to secondary auditory cortex affects understanding or interpretation of sounds without affection their detection
Auditory agnosia
nonspecific term that generally means spatial disorientation that may or may not involve perceptions of movement
Dizziness / vertigo
Perception of body motion
Vertigo
2 types of vertigo
- person is feels like they are spinning
- person feels like the room is spinning
a saccade and requires connections from the cerebral cortex to be intact (and working).
Fast phase
slow phase is what?
brainstem mediated response
caloric test of vestibular function
warm (40 C) or cold (30 C) water → (convection currents)
Brief vertigo episodes in different positions
VPPV
Abnormal for them to have displaced crystals (when displaced this cause vertigo)
VPPV
