Auditory and Vestibular System

Question 1

• collects and focuses/ localizes sounds (monaural localization)
• directs frequencies in a direction dependent fashion

Answer 1

external ear

Question 2

Monaural localization = location of sound

Answer 2

external ear

Question 3

middle ear

Answer 3

• transmits vibrations cross a chain of ossicles
• transmits waves in the air to waves into fluid

Question 4

tympanic membrane and ossicles are what part of the ear

Answer 4

middle ear

Question 5

amplification occurs where?

Answer 5

middle ear

Question 6

occurs between the oval window and tympanic membrane (22 to 1 ratio)

Answer 6

amplification

Question 7

• transduction
• has fluid filled chambers
• codes sounds into action potentials by frequency and volume

Answer 7

inner ear

Question 8

sound waves are converted to action potentials for processing in the NS

Answer 8

transduction

Question 9

membranous labyrinth that has the primary sensory transducer of sound

Answer 9

cochlea

Question 10

organ of corti

Answer 10

hair cells (long microvilli)

Question 11

auditory and vestibular sensory detectors

Answer 11

hair cells

Question 12

localized within space in the temporal bone

Answer 12

labyrinth

Question 13

Sound waves enter the fluid causing the tectorial membrane to rub against the organ of corti (hair cells)

Answer 13

sound transduction

Question 14

high frequencies activate hair cells near?

Answer 14

the base of the cochlea

Question 15

lower frequencies activate hair cells near?

Answer 15

near the apex

Question 16

continuous rang of sound carried in the cochlear nerve that contains an organized distribution of sound frequency

Answer 16

tonotopic organization

Question 17

frequency is measure in?

Answer 17

hertz (cycles per second) and volume

Question 18

volume of sound is measure in?

Answer 18

decibeles (dB)

Question 19

20 Hz - 20,000 Hz is what rang of frequency?

Answer 19

audible range

Question 20

150Hz or more is what rang of frequency?

Answer 20

rapid damage

Question 21

2 primary apartments of filled fluids in the auditory system?

Answer 21

1. lumen of membranous labyrinth
2. between the bone and membrane

Question 22

lumen of membranous labyrinth is filled with what fluid?

Answer 22

endolymph

Question 23

endolymph

Answer 23

high in potassium and similar to intercellular fluid

Question 24

between the bone and membrane what is the filled?

Answer 24

perilymph

Question 25

perilymph

Answer 25

is smilier to CSF and flows within the subarachnoid space of the cranial cavity

Question 26

- Helps with motor control in the cerebellum - Helps with the visual motor system for the control of eye movements while the head is in motion - Helps with the thalamus and cortex for the conscious perception of movement and orientation in space

Answer 26

Peripheral vestibular apparatus connecting to the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem

Question 27

1. the peripheral receptor apparatus in the inner ear 2. the central vestibular nuclei in the brainstem 3. the vestibulo-ocular network: controls eye movement 4. the vestibulospinal network: controls position and balance 5. the vestibulo-thalamo-cortical network: conscious perception of information

Answer 27

primary components of vestibular system

Question 28

orientation relative to gravity

Answer 28

static labryinth

Question 29

staying upright without moving & responsive to the pull of gravity

Answer 29

static

Question 30

sensory detectors are located here

Answer 30

in the saccule and utricle of vestibule

Question 31

detects dynamic movement in space

Answer 31

kinetic labyrinth

Question 32

dynamic standing is what?

Answer 32

moving and staying upright

Question 33

kinetic receptors are in

Answer 33

the ampulla

Question 34

controls eye movement & keeps eyes fixated upon an object when moving the head

Answer 34

vestibulo-ocular network

Question 35

CN 3, 4, 5 connect to this network

Answer 35

vestibulo-ocular network

Question 36

controls positon and balance

Answer 36

vestibulospinal network

Question 37

head and neck posture

Answer 37

medial part of the vestibulospinal network

Question 38

control balance and extensor bias

Answer 38

lateral part of the vestibulospinal network

Question 39

conscious perception of information

Answer 39

vestibulo-thalamo-cortical network