Hyponatremia Flashcards
role
electrolyte that helps regulate water inside and outside the cell
caused by osmosis low concentration to high concentration
brain cells extra sensitive to changes in sodium confusion
Types of hyponatremia
euvolemic
hypovolemic
hypervolemic
Euvolemic
water in the body increases but sodium stays the same ( Na becomes diluted)
causes of euvolemic hyponatremia
SIADH
( ADH retains water it increases in the body diluting Na)
DI
adrenal insuficiency
Addisons
Hypovolemic hyponatremia
patient becomes dehydrated loss of blood volume
decrease in both Na and H20
causes of hypovolemic hyponatremia
vomiting
diarrhea
lows suction
diuretics
burns
excessive suction
Hypervolemic hyponatremia
increase in water and salt leading to fluid overload and dilution of sodium
causes of hypovolemic hyponatremia
CHF
kidney failure
excessive infusion of saline
liver failure
No Na
Na excretion increase with renal problems, NG suction, vomiting diuretics, sweating, diabetes insipidus and aldosterone sectretion
Overload of fluids ( CHF, Kidney failure, hypotonic fluids)
Na intake low low salt diet, NPO stat
A ntidiuretic hormone over secreted ( SIADH) adrenal insuficiency
S/S of hyponatremia
Salt loss
seizures and stupor
abdominal cramping ( attitude changes confusion)
Lethargic
Tendon reflexes ( diminished, trouble concentrating)
Loss of urine and appetite
Orthostatic hypotension, overactive bowel sounds
Shallow resp. ( happen late due to skeletal muscle weakness)
Spasm of muscle
Nursing intervention
watch cardia, neur, resp, renal and GI status
Hypovolemic- admin 3% saline hypertonic solution give slowly fluid overload
SIADH: restrict fluids treated with antidiuretic hormone agonist
declomycin ( tetreacyclines)- dont give w/food esp. dairy or antiacids ( afffects absorbtion
patient taking lithim monitor levels for toxicity
instruct to consume sodium rich foods/ give Na tabs
Hypervolemic: restrict fluids, diuretics
renal failure- dialysis
