Hypomagnesemia

Question 1

Normal level

Answer 1

1.6-2.6

Question 2

Role

Answer 2

cell function like transfering and storing energy, reg. of PTH
PHT plays a role in Ca+ levels
release is inhibited with low Mg+ why you see low Ca+ levels as well

Question 3

Role continued

Answer 3

metabolizes carbs, lipids, proteins
regulates blood pressure
Absorbed in small intestine and excreted via the kidneys
any issues with this system causes issue with Mg + levels

Question 4

Causes

Answer 4

LOW MAG
Limited intake Mg+ ( starvation)
Other electrolyte issues cause low Mg ( hypokalemia and hypocalcemia)
Wasting Mg+ via kidneys ( loop and thiazide diuretics) ( cyclosporines - stimulate the kidneys to waste Mg+)
Malabsorption issues ( crohn’s, celiac, vomiting) PPI ( protonix, Prilosex, Nexium ending in -prazole
Alcohol ( poor dietary intake, ETOH stimulates kidneys to waste Mg+, acute pancreatitis
Glycemic issues (DKA, Insulin)

Question 5

S/S of hypomagnesemia

Answer 5

TWITCHING
Trouessaus sign due to hypocalcemia
Weak respirations
Irritability
Torsade de pointes ( abnormal, lethal cardiac rhythm seen in ETOH abuse
Mod: tall t waves, depressed ST
Severe: prolongued PR and QT interval with wide QRS, flat t waves , chevostek sign
Hypertension, Hypereflexia
Involuntary movements
Nausea
GI issues ( decrease bowel sounds and mobility)

Question 6

Nursing Interventions

Answer 6

Monitor cardiac, GI, Resp, Neuro ( EKG changes)
MD order K+ oral supplements due to decrease K+
( hard to increase Mg level if K+ decreased)
Oral Ca supplements with vitamin D or 10% calcium gluconate
admin mag sulfate Iv route ( infusion)
monitor Mg levels closely can cause hypermagnesemia
check deep tendon reflexes ( diminished or absent)
Place on seizure precautions
Oral magnesium may cause diarrhea, watch for this because it decrease Mg+ level
Encourage Mg+ rich foods
- Avocado
- Green leafy vegetable
- peanut butter
-Pork
- Fish ( canned tuna, and mackerel)
- cauliflower, chocolate dark
legumes
Nuts
oranges
Milk