hypocalcemia

Question 1

normal range

Answer 1

8.6-10

Question 2

role

Answer 2

bone and teeth health
blood clotting
muscle and nerve funtion
absorbe in GI system
stored in bones
excreted by the kidneys

Question 3

Causes

Answer 3

Low calcium
Low PTH
Oral intake inadequate (alcoholism , bulimia ect.)
Wound drainage ( GI system)
Celiacs disease and crohns ( malabsorption)
Acute pancretitis
Low vitamin D intake ( allows Ca to be reabsorbed)
Chronic kidney disease ( excessive excretion of Ca wasting it)
Increased phosphorus level ( Ca and Phos opp)
Using medications ( mag, supp, laxatives, loop diuretics, Ca bindiers)
Mobility issues

Question 4

S/S

Answer 4

Cramps
confusion
reflexes hyperactive
arrhythmias ( prolongued QT interval and ST interval)
Muscle spasms in claves/ feet/ tetany/ seizure)
positive trousseaus
sign of chevosteks

Question 5

Interventions

Answer 5

safety risk for bone fractures and laryngeal spasms
admin Iv Ca give slowly monitor rhythm inflitrate and phlebitis
watch patients on lithium b/c toxicity
MD order tums aluminum hydroxide
encourage foods high in ca and vit D
yougurt sardines cheese spinach collard greens tofu rhubarb milk