Hypokinetic dysarthria

Question 1

What are the most distinctive features of hypokinetic dysarthria?

Answer 1

reduced loudness level; rapid rate; monopitch; monoloudness; reduced stress; short rushes; inappropriate silences

Question 2

What speech complaints would a person with hypokinetic dysarthria have?

Answer 2

Feeling as though they don’t speak quickly and softly (i.e., not loudly); receives requests to repeat themselves; complaints from people that it’s difficult to understand them

Question 3

What are other speech features (most deviant) of hypokinetic dysarthria?

Answer 3

imprecise consonants, harsh voice and breathy voice, variable rate, low pitch

Question 4

What are the major motor symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease?

Answer 4

tremor (especially resting tremor), rigidity (e.g., cogwheel rigidity), akinesia, postural tremor

Question 5

What are other symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 5

swallowing problems, festination of gait, reduced arm swinging, shuffling movement, stooped posture (camptocornia in severe cases), reduced or mask like facial expression, cognitive disturbances in the later stages, reptilian stare and motor freezing, micrographia

Question 6

According to the Hoehn and Yahr system of classifying Parkisonism, what is stage 1?

Answer 6

unilateral involvement (e.g., tremor or reduced arm swinging on one side)

Question 7

According to the Hoehn and Yahr system of classifying Parkisonism, what is stage 2?

Answer 7

bilateral involvment without issues in balance and posture (e.g., bilateral tremor and rigidity)

Question 8

According to the Hoehn and Yahr system of classifying Parkisonism, what is stage 3?

Answer 8

bilateral involvement and postural instability; mild to moderate impairment

Question 9

According to the Hoehn and Yahr system of classifying Parkisonism, what is stage 4?

Answer 9

bilateral involvment and postrual instability; severe impairment but still able to walk or stand without help

Question 10

According to the Hoehn and Yahr system of classifying Parkisonism, what is stage 5?

Answer 10

in wheelchar or bedridden unless assisted

Question 11

What is kinesia paradoxica?

Answer 11

a phenomenon where a person with PD struggles to complete simple movements such as walking and writing yet can complete complex movements such as riding a bicycle.

Question 12

The problem associated with hypokinetic dysarthria

Answer 12

is motor control (trouble with preparation, maintenance, and switching of motor programs)

Question 13

What are non-motor symptoms associated with PD?

Answer 13

Sensory abnormalities; GI issues; depression; sleep disorder

Question 14

What is the neuromotor basis of hypokinetic dysarthria?

Answer 14

rigidity or reduced range of motion

Question 15

In Hypokinetic dysarthria, the muscle force is ________ and the rhythm is ___________

Answer 15

paretic (i.e., weakness or partial paralysis); regular

Question 16

In Hypokinetic dysarthria, the range of individuals movements is _______ and for repetitive movements is ________

Answer 16

reduced; very reduced

Question 17

In Hypokinetic dysarthria, the direction of movements is _______

Answer 17

normal

Question 18

In hypokinetic dysarthria, the rate of individual movements is _______ and for repetitive movements is ________

Answer 18

slow; fast

Question 19

What is akinesia?

Answer 19

loss of control over spontaneous voluntary movements

Question 20

What are functions of basal ganglia?

Answer 20

controls subconscious contractions of muscles; controls start and stop of muscle movements; controls intensity of movements

Question 21

What is rigidity?

Answer 21

muscles tighten and become stiff involuntarily

Question 22

What are the three types of tremor?

Answer 22

action tremor, postural tremor, and resting tremor