Hyperkinetic dysarthria

Question 1

Symptoms of damage to the basal ganglia are

Answer 1

hyperkinesia, dystonia, chorea, rigidity, hypokinesia, athetosis

Question 2

The problem with hyperkinetic dysarthria is_______ and can be _____________ .

Answer 2

motor control (involuntary movements); focal or multifocal

Question 3

The most distinctive speech features associated with hyperkinetic dysarthria - chorea are

Answer 3

excess loudness variation, variable rate, prolonged intervals, distortions of consonants and vowels that are rapid and unpredictable

Question 4

The most distinctive speech features associated with hyperkinetic dysarthria - spasmodic dysphonia are

Answer 4

voice stoppage, pitch breaks, harsh voice, strained voice, vocal tremor

Question 5

The most distinctive speech features associated with hyperkinetic dysarthria - dystonia are

Answer 5

consonants and vowels are distorted for a long time or vary slowly; these distortions impact a specific articulator fairly often; voice stoppages, voice tremor, and alternating loudness

Question 6

The most distinctive speech features associated with hyperkinetic dysarthria - essential tremor are

Answer 6

rhythmic voice tremors; rhythmic changes in pitch and intensity

Question 7

The major function of the basal ganglia is

Answer 7

to control the start and stop of movements and control the intensity of movements

Question 8

What are the 4 major hyperkinetic disorders?

Answer 8

spasmodic dysphonia; voice tremor; chorea; and oromandibular dystonia

Question 9

What is chorea?

Answer 9

fast, unpredictable, and arrhythmic muscle movements that occur at rest and when you move on purpose

Question 10

What is adductor spasmodic dysphonia?

Answer 10

spasms of the vocal folds which hyperadduct them and caused strained and effortful phonation

Question 11

What is abductor spasmodic dysphonia?

Answer 11

larynx abducts or opens involuntarily, causes irregular periods of breathiness or intermittent voice stoppages often with bursts of aspiration noise.

Question 12

What is oromandibular dystonia?

Answer 12

slow involuntary movements of the face, lips, jaw, tongue, and soft palate

Question 13

What is dystonia?

Answer 13

slow and sustained involuntary movements that last about 1 - 30 seconds; most dystonia is idiopathic

Question 14

The tone of muscle in hyperkinetic dysarthria fast is _______.

Answer 14

Often excessive (biased)

Question 15

The tone of muscle in hyperkinetic dysarthria, slow is _______

Answer 15

Excessive (biased)

Question 16

The rate of individual and repetitive movements in hyperkinetic dysarthria, slow, and hyperkinetic dysarthria, fast is _______

Answer 16

slow

Question 17

The direction of individual movements in hyperkinetic dysarthria, slow, and hyperkinetic dysarthria fast is _______

Answer 17

inaccurate

Question 18

The rhythm of individual movements in hyperkinetic dysarthria, slow, and hyperkinetic dysarthria fast is __________

Answer 18

irregular

Question 19

The etiology for hyperkinetic dysarthria is mostly

Answer 19

unknown

Question 20

Other etiologies for hyperkinetic dysarthria include

Answer 20

tourette’s syndrome, oromandibular dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia and essential voice tremor, and tardive dyskinesia

Question 21

What are four major hyperkinetic movement disorders?

Answer 21

tremor, chorea, hemiballismus, facial spasms, tics, myofacial clonus,

Question 22

What is a tremor described as?

Answer 22

rhythmic involuntary movements that involve the agonist/antagonist muscle of a joint

Question 23

What is chorea described as?

Answer 23

lots of spontaneous movements that are timed irregularly and are not repetitve

Question 24

What is hemiballismus described as?

Answer 24

limbs swinging wildly on one side of the body; it’s very similar to chorea

Question 25

What is dystonia described as?

Answer 25

sustained muscle contractions that cause slow twisting movements or abnormal postures; it can be focal, multifocal, or affect other parts of the body

Question 26

What are facial spasms?

Answer 26

twitches of the facial muscles