Assessment of Motor Speech Disorders

Question 1

What is a motor speech disorder?

Answer 1

speech disorder caused by injury to at least one part of the brain which affects the planning, programming, execution, and/or control of muscles involved in speech production

Question 2

What is dysarthria?

Answer 2

a motor speech disorder in which there is a problem with the execution and control stages of muscle movements for speech production.

Question 3

What is apraxia?

Answer 3

a motor speech disorder that affects articulation due to a problem in the planning, programming, and sequencing stages of muscle movements for speech production.

Question 4

Flaccid dysarthria results from damage to _________. Its neuromotor basis is ______ .

Answer 4

lower motor neurons; weakness

Question 5

Spastic dysarthria results from damage to ________. Its neuromotor basis is

Answer 5

bilateral upper motor neurons; spasticity

Question 6

Ataxic dysarthria results from damage to _______. Its neuromotor basis is ______

Answer 6

the cerebellum; lack of coordination

Question 7

Hyperkinetic and hypokinetic dysarthria result from damage to ________. The neuromotor basis for hyperkinetic dysarthria is _______. The neuromotor basis for hypokinetic dysarthria is _______.

Answer 7

basal ganglia; movements you don’t want to do; rigidity or restricted range of movement

Question 8

Apraxia of speech (AOS) results from damage to the _________

Answer 8

left hemisphere

Question 9

What are the etiological categories of motor speech disorders?

Answer 9

trauma, degenerative disease, toxin - metabolic disease, vascular disease, neoplastic disease, and inflammatory disease

Question 10

Function(s) of the pons include

Answer 10

control of movement, breathing, and sleep cycles; serves as a relay center for communication between the forebrain and the cerebellum

Question 11

CN Nuclei in the pons are

Answer 11

CNs 5,6, and 7

Question 12

Function(s) of the cerebellum include

Answer 12

balance, posture, articulation, vision, and motor learning (i.e., procedural learning)

Question 13

What are the supporting systems of the brain?

Answer 13

meninges (protection), vascular system (glucose and oxygen), and ventricular system (nutrients and protection)

Question 14

What are the three perspectives to consider for assessment and intervention of motor speech disorders?

Answer 14

neurological, speech physiology, and rehabilitative

Question 15

What is the neurological perspective for the assessment and intervention of motor speech disorders?

Answer 15

dysarthria is a symptom of a neurological impairment. Questions include: What is the neurological disease or site of lesion? Do the patient’s features of speech match the neurological diagnosis? How severe are the speech symptoms and do they vary over time?

Question 16

What is the speech physiology perspective for the assessment and intervention of motor speech disorders?

Answer 16

dysarthria as a speech motor control problem. Questions include Which speech structures are malfunctioning? Which objective acoustic and physiologic measures can be used to assess the speech production deficits? What is the connection between the speaker’s perception of their speech and observations of their speech.

Question 17

What is the rehabilitative perspective for the assessment and intervention of motor speech disorders?

Answer 17

dysarthria as a communication problem that can be treated. Questions include: What is the extent of the communication deficit?; Are there procedures that would improve the communication deficit?

Question 18

What are examples of questionnaires given during assessment?

Answer 18

dysarthria impact profile, CETI-M (Communication Effectiveness Survey - Modified); Levels of speech usage: self-report scale; Living with dysarthria: self-report questionnaire`

Question 19

What are the steps in the assessment process?

Answer 19

1. History and interview 2. Questionnaire and Self-report rating scales 3. Motor speech exam (non speech and speech) 4. assess intelligibility 5. Analyze voice and jaw (i.e., acoustic and physiological analysis)

Question 20

What is the difference between a quasi speech task and a speech task?

Answer 20

a quasi speech task is a task that would not be done in the real world (e.g., prolonging a vowel sound); a speech task is a task that would be done in the real world (e.g., reading a passage)

Question 21

What are examples of formal assessments used to measure intelligibility?

Answer 21

Sentence intelligibility test (SIT); Computerized Assessment of intelligibility in Dysarthric speech, and phonetic intelligibility testing

Question 22

How does one measure intelligibility?

Answer 22

Take the number of correctly spoken words and divide it by the total number of words spoken

Question 23

What cranial nerve nuclei are located in the medulla?

Answer 23

CN 5, 8-12

Question 24

What cranial nerve nuclei are located in the midbrain?

Answer 24

CNs 3-5

Question 25

Subacute means

Answer 25

condition has changed given recovery