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Endo Week 2 > Hypocalcemia > Flashcards

Hypocalcemia Flashcards

1
Q

what are two PE signs of hypocalcemia?

A

chovstek and trosseau signs

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2
Q

what is the Trousseau sign?

A

blood pressure cuff leads to flexion of hand/fingers

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3
Q

what is mental sign of hypocalcemia?

A

agitation

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4
Q

what is MSK sign of hypocalcemia?

A

hyperreflexia

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5
Q

what are the two most severe issues in hypocalcemia?

A

seizures and long QT

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6
Q

muscles have tendency to be excited or relaxed in hypocalcemia?

A

excited

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7
Q

if PTH is low, what are three potential causes for hypocalcemia?

A

post surgical hypoparathyroid
autoimmune hypopara
genetic hypopara

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8
Q

what is most common low PTH low calcium cause?

A

post surgical

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9
Q

if PTH is high and you have hypocalcemia, what should come to mind?

A

secondary hyperparathyroid

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10
Q

what are tow possible causes of secondary hyperparathyroid?

A

vitamin D deficiency

Renal disease

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11
Q

explain how renal failure leads to high PTH but low calcium

A

kidneys are failing so they cannot reabsorb the calcium…low calcium then stimulates PTH to ramp up

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12
Q

what other electrolyte can lead to hypocalcemia?

A

extremely low magnesium

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13
Q

why does low magnesium lead to hypocalcemia?

A

has a paradoxical blocking function on the release of PTH

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14
Q

how do you treat hypomagnesia induced hypocalceia?

A

give magnesium

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15
Q

post surgical hypoparathyroid, how do you treat?

A

calcium and 1,25-D

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16
Q

what are labs of Ca, PTh and phosphorus in hypoparathyroid from surgery?

A

low calcium, low PTH and high phosphorus

17
Q

what is an immune disease that can lead to hypoparathyroid and hypocalcemia?

A

digeorges

18
Q

what is the autoimmune hypoparathyroid disease to know?

A

autoimmune polyglandular syndrome 1

19
Q

what happens in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome 1?

A

have an activating antibody to the CaSR so that inhibits PTH release

20
Q

what are other issues in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome 1?

A

candidiasis and adrenal insufficiency

21
Q

how do you treat autoimmune polyglandular syndrome 1?

A

calcium and 1,25-D

22
Q

what are values of Ca, PTh and Phosphorus seen in secondary hyperparathyroid?

A

low calcium
high phosphorus
increased PTH

23
Q

what is treatment for secondary hyperparathyroid?

A

phos binders, vit D analogues, Ca

24
Q

what is another name for pseudohypoparathyroid?

A

Albrights hereditary osteodystrophy

25
Q

how is Albrights hereditary osteodystrophy inherited?

A

can be inherited from maternal or paternal side and these have differences clinically

26
Q

what is seen in maternal Albrights hereditary osteodystrophy?

A

skeletal changes of shortened fingers and obesity

hypocalcemia and PTH resistance

27
Q

what is seen in paternal Albrights hereditary osteodystrophy?

A

just the skeletal phenotype…no PTH resistance or low calcium

28
Q

why is there low calcium in Albrights hereditary osteodystrophy?

A

PTH resistance so body doesnt increase calcium levels when PTh released

29
Q

what are changes in Ca, PTH and PHos in Albrights hereditary osteodystrophy?

A

low Ca
Increased PTH
high phos

30
Q

which of 1,25-Oh2-D2 or D3 is from skin?

A

D3 is skin

31
Q

which of 1,25-Oh2-D2 or D3 is from yeast?

A

D2

32
Q

what does active vitamin D do to calcium?

A

increase calcium reabsorption in kidney and absorption in gut

33
Q

what does active vitamin D do to phosphorus?

A

increases reabsorption in kidney

34
Q

what is the difference in 25-OH-D and 1,25_OH-D

A

25 is inactivated, 1,25 is activated

35
Q

which of calcidiol or calcitriol is active vit D?

A

calcitriol is active and calcidiol is 25, VIt D

Endo Week 2 (8 decks)

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