Hypertention

Question 1

furosemide (Lasix)

Answer 1

Loop Diuretic Moderate

Question 2

furosemide (Lasix) MOA

Answer 2

acts on Loop of Henle and inhib reabsorb of Na+/K+/2Cl- which prevents water reabsorption

Question 3

furosemide (Lasix) AE

Answer 3

Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, ototoxicity, hyperglycemia, increased LDLs

Question 4

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Answer 4

Thiazide Powerful

Question 5

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) MOA

Answer 5

Acts on early part of convoluted tubes; increased Na+ and K+ excreation and reabsorption of Ca+

Question 6

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) AE

Answer 6

Hypokalemia (extra), hyponatremia, ototoxicity, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, increased LDLs

Question 7

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) Other

Answer 7

Lowers Systolic BP more than other classes; lower risk of kidney stone; favored in older adults bc of Ca+

Better choice for renal Calculi

Question 8

Spironolactone

Answer 8

Potassium sparing Diuretic

Question 9

Spironolactone MOA

Answer 9

ihibits Na+ K+ exchange; limits reabsorb of Na+ and secretion of K+

Question 10

Spironolactone AE

Answer 10

Hyperkalemia, nausea, lethargy, mental confusion Menstral irregularities and gynecomastia in males

Question 11

PT specific diuretics

Answer 11

Hypokalemia: flattened T waves, muscle weakness, cramps, polyuria
Hyperkalemia: elevated T waves, hyperreflexia, numbness 
Monitor K levels
Syncope may be present
may produce hyperglycemia 
Orthostatic hypotension  
Dehydration
Arrythmias 
DDI - NSAIDS

Question 12

Amiodipine

Answer 12

Calcium channel blockers

vasodialator

Question 13

Calcium channel Blockers MOA

Answer 13

Block Ca2+ in vascular smooth muscle

Question 14

Calcium channel blocker AE

Answer 14

HA, dizziness, hypotension, bradycardia, reflex tachycardia, tremor, flushing, constipation

Question 15

Metoprolol

Answer 15

Betablocker B1 specific

Question 16

propranolol

Answer 16

Betablocker

Question 17

carvedilol

Answer 17

Betablocker B1 specific

Question 18

Beta blocker MOA

Answer 18

NE binds to B1 and B2 receptors; reduce sympathetic input

Question 19

Beta blocker AE

Answer 19

Broncoconsriction (only if B2), bradycardia, reduced exercise capacity, abrupt withdrawl can cause arrhythmia, dizziness, OH, depression, fatigue, Sexual dysf.

Question 20

Beta blocker PT specific

Answer 20

“depresses HR and CO during Exercise
may contribute to OH
watch for CHF (congestive heart failure)
Can hide hypoglycemia in ppl with diabeties “

Question 21

Linsopril

Answer 21

ACEi

Question 22

Enalapril

Answer 22

ACEi

Question 23

Ramipril

Answer 23

ACEi

Question 24

Losartan

Answer 24

ARB

Question 25

Valsartan

Answer 25

ARB

Question 26

ACEi MOA

Answer 26

angiotensin I converting inhibitor

Question 27

ACEi AE

Answer 27

dry cough, hypotension, hyperkalemia, monitor labs, acute renal failure, angioedema

Question 28

ACEi PT

Answer 28

cough, NSAIDs

Question 29

ARB MOA

Answer 29

Angiotensin II receptor blcoker

Question 30

ARB AE

Answer 30

hypotension, hyperkalemia, monitor labs, acute renal failure, angioedema

Question 31

ARB PT

Answer 31

NSAIDs

Question 32

Clonidine

Answer 32

Central Acting Alpha antagonist

Question 33

Central Acting Alpha antagonist MOA

Answer 33

targets a2 recptors decreasing NE and sympathetic outflow

Question 34

Central Acting Alpha antagonist AE

Answer 34

Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache

Question 35

Overarching therapeutic guidelines for antihypertensive

Answer 35

"OH >> FALLS
Dehydration
Caution with heat modalities
Depleated electrolytes 
polypharm
Heart not responding right to exercise"