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pharm test 2 > CV > Flashcards

CV Flashcards

1
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Nitrates

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2
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate

A

Nitrates

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3
Q

Nitrates MOA

A

work directly on vascular smooth muscle

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4
Q

Nitrates AE

A

reflex tachycardia, dizziness, OH, weakness

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5
Q

Nitrates Common Routes

A

IV, sublingual, topical

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6
Q

Nitrates Other drug care

A

“limit light exposure
short shelf life
tingling sensation as drug dissolves
1st dose 1-2 min, 2nd dose 5mins, 3rd in 15mins”

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7
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID that works as a Antiplatelet

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8
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

A

Antiplatelet

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9
Q

Antiplatelet MOA

A

ADP receptor inhibitor which decreases platelet aggregation (will last 7-10 days)

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10
Q

Antiplatelet AE

A

BLEED

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11
Q

Aspirin MOA

A

inhibs COX 1 and COX 2 -> Inhib platelet aggregation (low doses COX 1 specific)

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12
Q

Aspirin AE

A

GI, kidney, Heart?

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13
Q

Antiplatelet Other

A

“CYP2C19 to activate (metabolism)

decreased efficacy in some genetic variations (asain and african american)”

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14
Q

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

A

Anticoagulant (factor Xa)

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15
Q

Apixaban (Eliquis)

A

Anticoagulant (factor Xa)

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16
Q

anticoagulant (Factor Xa) MOA

A

SELECTIVELY and REVERSIBLY binds to FXa –> stops further coagulation cascade

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17
Q

Rivaroxaban AE

A

More GI BLEED (beers list)

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18
Q

Apixaban AE

A

Lowest Bleed risk

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19
Q

Rivaroxaban Other

A

MUST BE TAKEN WITH FOOD (HIGH FAT)

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20
Q

Factor Xa reversal agent

A

reversal agent andexanet alfa,

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21
Q

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

A

LMWH Anticoagulant

22
Q

Warfarin

A

Anticoagulant

23
Q

Haparin

A

ANticoagulant

24
Q

Heparin MOA

A

potentiates action of antithrombin which prevents fibrinogen to fibrin

25
Q

Heparin AE

A

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

26
Q

Heparin reversal agent

A

reversal agent: protamine sulfate

27
Q

Lovenox MOA

A

Like heparin, potentiates action of antithrombin but has a greater effect on inhib FXa (prefered over heparin)

28
Q

Lovenox reversal agent

A

reversal angent: Andexanet alfa (andexxa)

29
Q

Antithrombotics types

A

Antiplatelet
Anticoagulant
Fibrinolytics

30
Q

Antithrombotics

PT concerns

A 
"FALLS
Contradicted PT treatment
Haparin  - LAB VALUES  (aPTT)
Warfarin - LAB VALUES (INR)
LMWH dont need to"
31
Q

Warfarin MOA

A

converts inactive vit K to active vit K, depletes vit k stores, inhibts synth of factors VII, IX, X, and II (REVERSAL AGENT VIT K)

32
Q

Warfarin AE

A

Intercranial bleed, DDIs

33
Q

Warfarin other

A

FOOD INTERACTIONS, “3 to 5 days to take effect
NTI requires frequent monitoring of INR
Metabolized by CYP2C9

34
Q

Atorvastatin (lipitor)

A

HMG CoA Reductase inhibs (statins)

35
Q

Rosuvastatin (crestor)

A

HMG CoA Reductase inhibs (statins)

less likely myalgia

36
Q

simvastatin

A

HMG CoA Reductase inhibs (statins)

37
Q

pravastatin

A

HMG CoA Reductase inhibs (statins)

less likely Myalgia

38
Q

HMG CoA Reductase inhibs MOA

A

block HMG-CoA Reductase= blocks cholesterol synthesis

39
Q

HMG CoA Reductase inhibs AE

A

“MYALGIA (less likely with pravastatin and rosuvastatin)
myopathy, rhabdo
dyspepsia, headache, increased liver enzyme function, tendinopothy”

40
Q

HMG CoA Reductase inhibs PT

A

“Mytositis and myalgia
persistent muscle effects
Rhabdo”

41
Q

HMG CoA Reductase inhibs Other

A

“increased myopathy with fibrates (DDI)
1ST line for atherosclerosis then go to ezetimibe”

Grapefruit Juice

42
Q

Amiodarona used for

A

Used for ventricular arrhythmias

43
Q

Amiodarona MOA

A

prolong duration of the action potential by blocking K, Na, and Ca channels

44
Q

Amiodarona AE

A

pulmonary fibrosis, GI problems, Thyroid dysfuction, blurred vision, ataxia, dizziness, liver tox, neuropathy, CV (bradycardia, heart block), bluish discoloration on exposed areas

45
Q

Amiodarona Other

A

Long half life 50 days

46
Q

Sacubitril/valsartan (Entrsto)

A

ARNI

47
Q

Digoxin

A

ARNI

48
Q

Sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto) MOA

A

“Valsartan MOA: previously discussed to↓ VASOCONSTR aldosterone release, also ↓ CATECHOLAMINE RELEASE

Sacubitril MOA: inhibits neprilysin enzyme (which typically breaks down peptides) = ↑natriuretic peptides = ↑ vasodilation, diuresis, natriuresis, GFR
“

49
Q

ARNI AE

A

SAME AS THE ARBs BUT HIGHER RISK OF ANGIODEMA

50
Q

ARNI Other

A

reduces mortality even more than ACEi (only ernesto)

51
Q

Digoxin MOA

A

inhib Na/K ATPase in myocardial cells = increases Na = increase Ca = Increased contractility

pharm test 2 (5 decks)

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