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Pharm test 2 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium Carbonate (tums)

A

Antacid

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2
Q

Antacid MOA

A

Nutrilize gastric acidity

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3
Q

antacid AE

A

DDI, can alter absorption of electrolytes,
magnesium products: diarrhea
aluminum and calcium: constipation

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4
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac)

A

H2 Blocker

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5
Q

Famotidine (pepcid)

A

H2 Blocker

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6
Q

H2 Blocker and PPI indication

A

works on ulcers

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7
Q

H2 blocker MOA

A

reduce the secretion of stimulated acid

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8
Q

H2 Blocker AE

A

“Diarrhea, muscle pain, rashes

Cimetide (antihistimine) (only with this drug) can cause gynecomastia”

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9
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

PPI

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10
Q

Esomeprazole (Nexium)

A

PPI

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11
Q

PPI MOA

A

irreversibly inhib H/K ATPase pump on parietal cell membrane which blocks final step in acid seretion into lumen of stomach

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12
Q

PPI AE

A

well tolerated, long term use associated with gastric polyps, altered calcium metabolism, some CV abnormalities

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13
Q

PPI other

A

“PPI’s do better at treating ulcers than the H2 blockers

PPI WITH ANTIBIOTIC Tx H. PYLORI”

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14
Q

H2 blocker other

A

smoking decrease effectiveness of H2 blocker

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15
Q

Scopolamine (transderm scop patch)

A

Antiemetics

Anticholinergic prevent motion sickness related to vomiting

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16
Q

meclizine

A

Antiemetics

Antihistimine used to prevent motion sickness related to vomiting

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17
Q

ondansetron (Zofran)

A

Antiemetics

serotonin blockers prevent vomiting (emesis)

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18
Q

metoclopramide

A

Antiemetics

Prokinetic drug for central and perpheral antiemetic effects

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19
Q

Scopolamine (transderm scop patch) MOA

A

binds to ACh receptors on vestibular nuclei, blocks communication

20
Q

Scopolamine (transderm scop patch) AE

A

dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, dilated pupils, difficulty with urination

21
Q

meclizine MOA

A

inhibit VESTIBULAR input to the CTZ

22
Q

meclizine AE

A

“H1-BLOCKERS: meclizine, cyclizine, dimenhydramine, diphenhydramine
AE: dizziness and sedation
“

23
Q

ondansetron (Zofran) MOA

A

block serotonin receptors in GI tract, CTZ, and vomiting center

24
Q

ondansetron (Zofran) AE

A

HA, DIZZINESS, diarrhea, [no extrapyramidal signs]

25
Q

ondansetron (Zofran) Other

A

*Corticosteroids may be used in combination to control chemo-induced emesis

26
Q

metoclopramide MOA

A

Blocks dopamine in CTZ

27
Q

metoclopramide AE

A

sedation, diarrhea, weakness, prolactin release; prolonged use causes extrapyramidal signs, motor restlessness. Other possible AE: hypo- and hypertension, tachycardia

28
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

A

Antidiarrheal

Absorbent

29
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) MOA

A

binds to bacteria causing diarrhea to carry them out with feces

30
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) AE

A

aspirin product: use with caution in children recovering from flu/chickenpox, increased bleeding time, GI bleed, TINNITUS

31
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Other

A

decrease effectiveness of many drugs

32
Q

Diphenoxylate/atropine (Limotil)

A

Antidirrheal Anticholinergic

33
Q

Diphenoxylate/atropine (Limotil) MOA

A

reduce peristalsis of GI tract

34
Q

Diphenoxylate/atropine (Limotil) AE

A

because of AE rarely first tx

35
Q

Methylcelluose (Citrucel)

A

Laxative

bulkforming

36
Q

Methylcelluose (Citrucel) MOA

A

increase water absorption&raquo_space; softens and increases bulk of intestinal contents

37
Q

Methylcelluose (Citrucel) AE

A

relatively safe, not for people with abdominal pain N/V

38
Q

Polyethylene glycol 3350 (Miralax)

A

Laxative (hyperosmotic laxatives)

39
Q

hyperosomotic laxatives MOA

A

creates gradient that draws fluid into colon to increase stool fluid content and stimulate peristalsis

40
Q

hyperosomotic laxatives AE

A

abdominal bloating, rectal irritation, electrolyte imbalance

41
Q

Docusate (colace)

A

Laxative emollient laxatives

42
Q

Senna glycoside (Senna)

A

stimulant laxatives

43
Q

emollient laxatives MOA

A

“facilitate water and fat absorption into stool, lubricate fecal matter and intestinal wall

”

44
Q

emollient laxatives AE

A

skin rash, decreased VITAMIN absorption, electrolyte imbalance

45
Q

stimulant laxatives MOA

A

stimulates PERISTALSIS through enteric nervous system

46
Q

stimulant laxatives AE

A

“Danger of long-term use: dependence and damage to intestinal cells/loss of colon function
“

47
Q

GI PT specific considerations

A 
"Patient positioning: individuals with gerd should avoid lying FLAT - avoid intra-abdominal pressure; avoid exercise imediately after meals
Dehydration
also can lead to loss in electrolytes
Constipation
DDI"

Pharm test 2 (5 decks)

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