GI Flashcards
Calcium Carbonate (tums)
Antacid
Antacid MOA
Nutrilize gastric acidity
antacid AE
DDI, can alter absorption of electrolytes,
magnesium products: diarrhea
aluminum and calcium: constipation
Ranitidine (Zantac)
H2 Blocker
Famotidine (pepcid)
H2 Blocker
H2 Blocker and PPI indication
works on ulcers
H2 blocker MOA
reduce the secretion of stimulated acid
H2 Blocker AE
“Diarrhea, muscle pain, rashes
Cimetide (antihistimine) (only with this drug) can cause gynecomastia”
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
PPI
Esomeprazole (Nexium)
PPI
PPI MOA
irreversibly inhib H/K ATPase pump on parietal cell membrane which blocks final step in acid seretion into lumen of stomach
PPI AE
well tolerated, long term use associated with gastric polyps, altered calcium metabolism, some CV abnormalities
PPI other
“PPI’s do better at treating ulcers than the H2 blockers
PPI WITH ANTIBIOTIC Tx H. PYLORI”
H2 blocker other
smoking decrease effectiveness of H2 blocker
Scopolamine (transderm scop patch)
Antiemetics
Anticholinergic prevent motion sickness related to vomiting
meclizine
Antiemetics
Antihistimine used to prevent motion sickness related to vomiting
ondansetron (Zofran)
Antiemetics
serotonin blockers prevent vomiting (emesis)
metoclopramide
Antiemetics
Prokinetic drug for central and perpheral antiemetic effects
Scopolamine (transderm scop patch) MOA
binds to ACh receptors on vestibular nuclei, blocks communication
Scopolamine (transderm scop patch) AE
dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, dilated pupils, difficulty with urination
meclizine MOA
inhibit VESTIBULAR input to the CTZ
meclizine AE
“H1-BLOCKERS: meclizine, cyclizine, dimenhydramine, diphenhydramine
AE: dizziness and sedation
“
ondansetron (Zofran) MOA
block serotonin receptors in GI tract, CTZ, and vomiting center
ondansetron (Zofran) AE
HA, DIZZINESS, diarrhea, [no extrapyramidal signs]
ondansetron (Zofran) Other
*Corticosteroids may be used in combination to control chemo-induced emesis
metoclopramide MOA
Blocks dopamine in CTZ
metoclopramide AE
sedation, diarrhea, weakness, prolactin release; prolonged use causes extrapyramidal signs, motor restlessness. Other possible AE: hypo- and hypertension, tachycardia
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
Antidiarrheal
Absorbent
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) MOA
binds to bacteria causing diarrhea to carry them out with feces
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) AE
aspirin product: use with caution in children recovering from flu/chickenpox, increased bleeding time, GI bleed, TINNITUS
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Other
decrease effectiveness of many drugs
Diphenoxylate/atropine (Limotil)
Antidirrheal Anticholinergic
Diphenoxylate/atropine (Limotil) MOA
reduce peristalsis of GI tract
Diphenoxylate/atropine (Limotil) AE
because of AE rarely first tx
Methylcelluose (Citrucel)
Laxative
bulkforming
Methylcelluose (Citrucel) MOA
increase water absorption»_space; softens and increases bulk of intestinal contents
Methylcelluose (Citrucel) AE
relatively safe, not for people with abdominal pain N/V
Polyethylene glycol 3350 (Miralax)
Laxative (hyperosmotic laxatives)
hyperosomotic laxatives MOA
creates gradient that draws fluid into colon to increase stool fluid content and stimulate peristalsis
hyperosomotic laxatives AE
abdominal bloating, rectal irritation, electrolyte imbalance
Docusate (colace)
Laxative emollient laxatives
Senna glycoside (Senna)
stimulant laxatives
emollient laxatives MOA
“facilitate water and fat absorption into stool, lubricate fecal matter and intestinal wall
”
emollient laxatives AE
skin rash, decreased VITAMIN absorption, electrolyte imbalance
stimulant laxatives MOA
stimulates PERISTALSIS through enteric nervous system
stimulant laxatives AE
“Danger of long-term use: dependence and damage to intestinal cells/loss of colon function
“
GI PT specific considerations
"Patient positioning: individuals with gerd should avoid lying FLAT - avoid intra-abdominal pressure; avoid exercise imediately after meals Dehydration also can lead to loss in electrolytes Constipation DDI"
