hypertensive retinopathy

Question 1

silver/copper wiring

Answer 1

walls of arterioles become thickened and sclerosed causing increased reflection light

Question 2

arteriovenous nipping

Answer 2

arterioles cause compression of veins where they cross

due to sclerosis + hardening arterioles

Question 3

cotton wool spots

Answer 3

ischaemia and infarction of retina causing damage to nerve fibres

Question 4

hard exudates

Answer 4

damaged vessels leaking lipids into retina

Question 5

retinal haemorrhages

Answer 5

damaged vessels rupture and release blood into retina

Question 6

papilloedema

Answer 6

ischaemia + infarction optic nerve

resulting in optic nerve swelling + blurring of disc margins

Question 7

classification is called

Answer 7

keith-wagener classification

Question 8

keith-wagener classification: 1

Answer 8

mild narrowing of arterioles

Question 9

keith-wagener classification: 2

Answer 9

focal constriction blood vessels

AV nipping

Question 10

keith-wagener classification: 3

Answer 10

cotton wool patches
exudates
haemorrhages

Question 11

keith-wagener classification: 4

Answer 11

papilloedema

Question 12

Mx

Answer 12

BP control