diabetic retinopathy Flashcards

1
Q

what

A

blood vessels in retina are damaged due to prolonged hyperglycaemia

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2
Q

pathophysiology - damage to retinal small vessels + endothelial cells leads to…

A

inc vascular permeability leads to leakage, blot haemorrhages and formation of hard exudates

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3
Q

hard exudates

A

yellow/white deposits of lipids in the retina

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4
Q

pathophysiology - damage to blood vessel walls leads to…

A

microaneurysms - weakness in wall

venous beading - walls of veins no longer straight, look more like string of beads

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5
Q

pathophysiology - damage to nerve fibres leads to….

A

fluffy white patches on retina called cotton wool spots

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6
Q

intraretinal microvascular abnormalities

A

dilated and tortuous capillaries in the retina

can act as a shunt between arterial and venous vessels in retina

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7
Q

neovascularisation

A

growth factors released in retina causing development of new blood vessels

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8
Q

classification

A

non-proliferative
proliferative

classified based on fundoscopy findings

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9
Q

Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - mild

A

microaneurysms

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10
Q

Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - moderate

A
micro-aneurysms
blot haemorrhages
hard exudates
cotton wool spots
venous beading
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11
Q

Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - severe

A

blot haemorrhages + micro-aneurysms in 4 quadrants
venous beading in 2 quadrants
intraretinal microvascular abnormality

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12
Q

proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

neovascularisation

vitreous haemorrhage

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13
Q

diabetic maculopathy

A

macular oedema

ischaemic maculopathy

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14
Q

complications

A
retinal detachment 
vitreous haemorrhage
rebeosis iridis
optic neuropathy 
cataracts
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15
Q

Rebeosis iridis

A

new blood vessel formation in iris

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16
Q

Mx

A

laser photocoagulation
anti-VEGF

vitreoretinal surgery in severe disease