Hypertension: Therapeutic Use & Adverse Effects

Question 1

• Treat hypertension, tachycardia, and early intervention in MI
• Blocks Beta-1 Receptors: decreases heart rate and heart workload. Decreases BP.

Answer 1

Therapeutic Use: Beta Blockers

Question 2

-Treat hypertension and heart failure, reduces diabetic nephropathy.
- Block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. The result is vasodilation and increased sodium and water excretion.

Answer 2

Therapeutic Use: ACE Inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme)

Question 3

• Decrease blood pressure; Treat heart failure; Prevent diabetic nephropathy
• Blocks Angiotensin II resulting in vasodilation.

Answer 3

Therapeutic Use: ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers)

Question 4

• Hypertension, Chronic Stable Angina, & Supra-ventricular Tachycardia
• Relaxes smooth muscle causing vasodilation. Alters calcium influx into cells, influencing cardiac conduction, relaxing the heart muscle, decreasing cardiac workload, and increasing oxygen supply to the myocardium

Answer 4

Therapeutic Use: Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 5

• Bronchoconstriction at high doses, bradycardia, worsening heart failure – symptoms include edema of feet and ankles, shortness of breath, cough with white frothy sputum, abnormal lung sounds due to fluid overload, rapid weight gain (> 3 pounds in 24 hours).
• Fatigue, dizziness, depression, insomnia, nightmares, GI upset, erectile dysfunction, dyspnea, and wheezing.

Answer 5

Side Effects: Beta Blockers

Question 6

BLACK BOX WARNING: When stopping therapy, taper dosage over 1 – 2 weeks because abrupt discontinuation may cause chest pain or MI.

Answer 6

Beta Blockers

Question 7

• Hypotension, Cough, Hyperkalemia, increased risk for infection, angioedema, anaphylaxis, or proteinuria.

Answer 7

Side Effects: ACE Inhibitors

Question 8

BLACK BOX WARNING: Should not be used in pregnancy

Answer 8

ACE inhibitors & ARBs

Question 9

• Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, dizziness, increased risk of infection, angioedema, proteinuria, anaphylaxis.
• May cause renal impairment

Answer 9

Side Effects: ARBs

Question 10

• Bradycardia, Worsening heart failure, syncope, edema, H/A, dizziness, hepatic injury
• CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypotension, Acute MI, Specific Arrhythmias (2nd or 3rd degree heart block or sick sinus syndrome)

Answer 10

Calcium Channel Blockers