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Clinical Pharmacology RSS > Hypertension Drugs > Flashcards

Hypertension Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

MoA of ACE-I?

A

Inhibit ACE (Ang I -> Ang II):
Vasodilates arterioles and veins
Decreases aldosterone
Increases bradykinin

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2
Q

ADRs of ACE-I?

A

Dry cough
Angiotensin-oedema
Renal failure
Hyperkalaemia

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3
Q

Examples of ACE-I?

A

Lisinopril

Ramipril

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4
Q

MoA of angiotensin receptor blockers?

A

Bind to angiotensin AT1 receptor and inhibit vasoconstriction and aldosterone stimulation

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5
Q

ADRs of androgen receptor blockers?

A

Renal failure

Hyperkalaemia

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6
Q

MoA of calcium channel blockers?

A

Bind to alpha subunit of L-type Ca2+ channel to decrease Ca2+ entry
Vasodilates arteries

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7
Q

What are the 3 groups of calcium channel blockers with examples?

A

Dihydropyridines - amlodipine
Phenylalkylamines - verapamil
Benzothiazepines - diltiazem

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8
Q

ADRs of dihydropyridines (CCB)?

A 
Tachycardia and palpitations (sympathetic activation)
Flushing, sweating
Headache
Oedema
Gingival hyperplasia
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9
Q

ADRs of phenylalkylamines?

A

Constipation
Bradycardia
Decreased myocardial contractility

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10
Q

ADRs of benzothiazepines (CCB)?

A

Bradycardia

Decrease myocardial contractility

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11
Q

MoA of alpha-blockers?

A

Antagonise contractile effects of noradrenaline on vascular smooth muscle -> decrease peripheral resistance

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12
Q

ADRs of alpha blockers?

A

Postural hypotension, dizziness
Headache
Fatigue
Oedema

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13
Q

Example of an alpha blocker?

A

Doxazosin

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14
Q

MoA of beta-blockers?

A

Decrease HR and CO by inhibiting renin release

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15
Q

ADRs of beta-blockers?

A 
Lethargy, impaired concentration
Decreased exercise tolerance
Bradycardia
Raynaud’s
Decreased glucose tolerance
Contraindicated in asthma
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16
Q

Examples of beta blockers?

A

Atenolol
Bisoprolol
Nebivolol

17
Q

MoA of direct renin inhibitors?

A

Bind to renin molecule and block the cleavage of angiotensinogen -> angiotensin I causing vasodilation and a decrease in BP

18
Q

Example of a direct renin inhibitor?

19
Q

Examples of centrally acting agents?

A

Methydopa *used in pregnancy
Clonidine
Moxonidine

20
Q

ADRs of centrally acting agents?

A

Tiredness/lethargy

Depression

21
Q

MoA of methydopa (centrally acting agent)?

A

Converted to a potent alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist

22
Q

MoA of clonidine (centrally acting agent)?

A

Pre-synaptic alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist

23
Q

MoA of moxonidine (centrally acting agent)?

A

I1 receptor agonist and some alpha 2 effect

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