Anaesthetics Flashcards
1
Q
What is added to volatile agents to decrease dosage?
A
Nitrous oxide
2
Q
Name factors that decrease minimum alveolar concentration of volatile agents?
A
Hypothermia
Other anaesthetics
Opioids
Elderly
3
Q
Name factors that increase the minimum alveolar concentration of volatile agents?
A
Infants Hyperthermia Pregnancy Alcoholism Central stimulus
4
Q
What stage of guedel’s signs do surgeons aim for?
A
Stage 3
5
Q
What are the molecular targets of anaesthetics?
A
GABA activity (inhibitory transmitter -> Cl- influx -> hyperpolarisation) NDMA receptor (Ca2+ influx -> excitation)
6
Q
System target of anaesthetics?
A
Reticular activating system
Dorsal horn and motor neuronal activity
7
Q
Name some IV general anaesthetics?
A
Propofol
Barbiturates
Ketamine
8
Q
Name some local anaesthetics?
A
Lidocaine
Bupivacaine
Ropivacaine
Procaine
9
Q
MoA of Bupivacaine?
A
Preferably blocks small myelinated afferent nerves to cause local wound analgesia
10
Q
ADRs of anaesthetics?
A
Hypotension Nausea and vomiting Cardiovascular toxicity Post-operative cognitive dysfunction Chest infection Anaphylaxis
