Diuretics

Question 1

MoA of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Answer 1

Act in PCTto cause loss of NaHCO3

Question 2

ADRs of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Answer 2

Loss of Na, K and PO3

• > Metabolic acidosis
• > Hypokalaemia

Question 3

Name a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?

Answer 3

Acetazolamide

Question 4

MoA of osmotic agents?

Answer 4

Filtered at glomerulus and increase the osmotic gradient throughout the nephron to cause excessive water loss

Question 5

Name an osmotic agent?

Answer 5

Mannitol

Question 6

ADR of osmotic agents?

Answer 6

Hyponatraemia

Question 7

MoA of loop agents?

Answer 7

Act in TaL to inhibit NaK2Cl

Question 8

ADRs of loop agents?

Answer 8

Cause calcium and magnesium excretion

Hypokalaemia

Question 9

MoA of thiazides diuretics?

Answer 9

Inhibit NaCl transporter in DCT

Promotes Ca2+ reabsorption

Question 10

ADRs of thiazides diuretics?

Answer 10

Hyperuricaemia -> gout
Hyperglycaemia
Hypercalcaemia
Hypokalaemia
Erectile dysfunction
Increase LDL and TGs

Question 11

MoA of aldosterone antagonists?

Answer 11

Inhibits actions of aldosterone:
Inhibits Na+ retention in CD
Blunts K+ and H+ secretion

Question 12

ADRs of aldosterone antagonists?

Answer 12

Androgenic cross-reactivity
Hyperkalaemia
Impotence
Painful gynaecomastia

Question 13

Example of aldosterone antagonist?

Answer 13

Spirinolactone

Question 14

MoA of ADH antagonists?

Answer 14

Decrease concentrating ability of urine in CD

Question 15

Examples of ADH antagonists?

Answer 15

Lithium

Demeclocycline

Question 16

MoA of ENaC blockers?

Answer 16

Inhibit ENaC -> inhibit Na+ retention

Question 17

Examples of ENaC blockers?

Answer 17

Amiloride

Triamterene

Question 18

ADRs of all diuretics?

Answer 18

Hypovolaemia
Hypotension
(AKI)
Anaphylaxis
Electrolyte disturbances
Metabolic abnormalities

Question 19

ADRs of Frusemide (Loop Diuretic)?

Answer 19

Ototoxicity
Alkalosis
Increase LDL and TGs
Gout

Question 20

ADR of Bumetanide (Loop Diuretic)?

Answer 20

Myalgia