hypertension

Question 1

increases risk for

Answer 1

cerebral haemorrhage
atheroma
renal failure
sudden cardiac death

Question 2

primary hyperrtension

Answer 2

no obvious cause genetic factors 
salt intake 
protein intake 
renin - angiotensin system 
sympathetic activity

Question 3

secondary hypertension

Answer 3

underlying disease is implicated 
renal disease 
endocrine disease 
aortic disease 
renal artery stenosis 
drug therapy - corticosteroids

Question 4

benign hypertension

Answer 4

asymptomatic
microvascular injury
causes - LVH, congestive heart failure, increases atheroma, increases aneurysm rupture, renal disease

Question 5

malignant hypertension

Answer 5

can develop from benign primary or secondary or arise from new
urgent treatment to prevent death
will cause - cerebral oedema, acute renal failure, acute heart failure, headache, cerebral haemorrhage, blood vessels show fibrinoid necrosis and endarteritis proliferans of their walls

Question 6

diagnosis

Answer 6

stage 1 - >140/90
stage 2 - > 160/100
stage 3 - > 180/110

Question 7

lifestyle interventions

Answer 7

diet, reduce sodium and caffeine intake, weight reduction and exercise
alcohol consumption
smoking
exercise

Question 8

treatment

Answer 8

A/C
A+C
A+C+D
add further diuretic, alpha blocker, beta blocker, spiralactone

Question 9

resistant hypertension

Answer 9

non-concordance 
white coat effect 
pseudo-hypertension 
lifestyle factors 
drug interactions 
secondary hypertension 
true resistance 
spiralactone is the most effective treatment