Hypertension

Question 1

hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 1

diuretic –> thiazide
@ distal convoluted tubule
moderate efficacy –> long-term outpatient
inhibit the co-transporter
hypokalemia
inhibit uric acid elimination = promote gout

Question 2

chlorthalidone

Answer 2

diuretic –> thiazide
moderate efficacy (most effective thiazide)
inhibit the co-transporter
hypokalemia
inhibit uric acid elimination = promote gout

Question 3

furosemide

Answer 3

loop diuretic
high efficacy --> short-term, more severe cases
inhibit Na/K/Cl transporter
hypokalemia
promote gout

Question 4

ethacrynic acid

Answer 4

loop diuretic
high efficacy --> short-term, more severe cases
inhibit Na/K/Cl transporter
hypokalemia
promote gout

Question 5

spironolactone

Answer 5

potassium sparing diuretic
low efficacy
antagonist at the Aldosterone receptor
reduces expression of Na/K ATPase

Question 6

triamterine

Answer 6

potassium sparing diuretic
low efficacy
block the Na channel (apical membrane)

Question 7

amiloride

Answer 7

potassium sparing diuretic
low efficacy
block the Na channel (apical membrane)

Question 8

clonidine

Answer 8

indirect acting sympatholytic

alpha 2 agonist –>reduce sympathetic ns activity

Question 9

reserpine

Answer 9

indirect acting sympatholytic
release inhibitors (ACh) --> reduce sympathetic ns activity

Question 10

propranolol

Answer 10

direct acting sympatholytic drug
beta blocker
non-seletive

Question 11

atenolol

Answer 11

direct acting sympatholytic drug
beta blocker
cardioselective
**for diabetics and asthmatic patients

Question 12

nadolol

Answer 12

direct acting sympatholytic drug
beta blocker
long-acting

Question 13

prazosin

Answer 13

direct acting sympatholytic drug
alpha1 antagonist –> vasodilator

Gq coupled receptor

Question 14

terazosin

Answer 14

direct acting sympatholytic drug
alpha1 antagonist –> vasodilator

Gq coupled receptor

Question 15

hydralazine

Answer 15

oral drug
selective arterial dilator

Open K+ channels

Question 16

minoxidil

Answer 16

oral drug
highly effective vasodilator
reserved for sever hypertension that does not respond to other drugs

Open K+ channels

Question 17

diazoxide

Answer 17

parenteral
highly effective and long-acting 
emergency situation (hypertension crises)

open K+ channels

Question 18

sodium nitroprusside

Answer 18

parenteral
iv nitrate
emergency situation (hypertension crises)

Open K+ channels

Question 19

verapamil

Answer 19

Cardioactive CCB

Question 20

diltiazem

Answer 20

cardioactive CCB

Question 21

amlodipine

Answer 21

Non-cardioactive CCB

T1/2 = 30-50 hrs

Question 22

nifedipine

Answer 22

Non-cardioactive CCB

T1/2 = 2-4 hrs

Question 23

extended release nifedipine

Answer 23

Non-cardioactive CCB

Question 24

carvedilol

Answer 24

mixed beta blocker/vasodilator

Beta1, Beta2, and alpha1 antagonist

Question 25

nebivolol

Answer 25

mixed beta blocker/vasodilator beta1 blocker promotes NO production

Question 26

captopril

Answer 26

ACE inhibitor 1st approved higher risk for side effects short t1/2

Question 27

enalapril

Answer 27

ACE inhibitor | prodrug

Question 28

ramipril

Answer 28

ACE inhibitor prodrug more cardioprotective than others

Question 29

losartan

Answer 29

Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

Question 30

valsartan

Answer 30

Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

Question 31

aliskiren

Answer 31

renin inhibitor | contraindicated with type II diabetics and kidney disease

Question 32

phase I hypertension

Answer 32

one drug

Question 33

phase II hypertension

Answer 33

two drugs

Question 34

first choice drug for most

Answer 34

thiazide diuretic

Question 35

first choice drug for diabetics

Answer 35

ace inhibitors

Question 36

first choice drugs for coronary heart disease

Answer 36

beta blocker