Hypertension

Question 1

Common (-ish) cause of 2˚ HTN

Answer 1

renal artery stenosis

Question 2

How does renal artery stenosis cause 2˚ HTN?

Answer 2

decreased blood flow to glomerulus

juxtaglomerular aparatus responds by secreting renin

RAAS activation

unilateral atrophy of affected kidney due to decreased blood flow

Question 3

Important cause of renal artery stenosis and 2˚ HTN in elderly males

Answer 3

atherosclerosis

Question 4

Important cause of renal artery stenosis and 2˚ HTN in young women

Answer 4

fibromuscular dysplasia

irregular thickening of medium-sized arteries (esp. renal artery

developmental defect –> small aneurysms

Question 5

Benign vs malignant HTN

Answer 5

benign: mild or moderate elevation that does damage over time
malignant: > 180/120, presents with acute end-organ damage