Hypertension Flashcards
what is hypertension risk factor for
cerebral haemorrhage
atheroma
renal failure
sudden cardiac death
what are the renal causes of hypertension
renal artery stenosis acute/chronic glomerulonephritis chronic pyelonephritis cystic diseases interstitial nephritis
what are endocrine causes of hypertension
pheochromocytoma - excess noradrenaline
adrenal gland hyperfunction/tumours
what are congenital causes of hypertension
coarctation of the aorta
what drugs induce hypertension
corticosteroids
what does benign hypertension go on to cause
Left ventricular hypertrophy Congestive cardiac failure Increases atheroma Increases aneurysm rupture - aortic dissection, Berry aneurysms Renal disease
what is the pathology of LVH
Increased LV load Poor perfusion Interstitial fibrosis Micro-infarcts Diastolic dysfunction
what can LVH cause
Sudden cardiac death
Arrhythmia and poor perfusion
Cardiac failure
Affects outcomes of other disease
what does malignant hypertension cause
Causes cerebral oedema - seen as papilloedema (swelling of optic disc)
Acute renal failure
Acute heart failure
Headache and cerebral haemorrhage
how do the blood vessels appear in malignant hypertension
Blood vessels show fibrinoid necrosis and endarteritis proliferans of their walls
what are early signs of pre-exlampsia
hypertension
proteinuria
what are signs of end organ damage in hypertension
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Creatinine Raised
Albuminuria / microalbuminuria
Retinopathy
what is the target BP in those under 80 - clinical and ABPM/HBPM
140/90 mmHg
135/85 mmHg
what is the target BP in those 80 and over - clinical and ABPM/HBPM
150/90 mmHg
145/85 mmHg
clinical signs of Conn’s sydrome
Primary aldosteronism
Severe hypertension
Severe hypokalemia
