Heart failure Flashcards
what causes a gallop rhythm
S3 + tachycardia
when is a gallop rhythm seen
in LVF
where are the two common places for oedema in RHF
ankle and sacral
what does a CXR look like in RHF
normal
how is Cor Pulmonale related HF treated
Diuretics and oxygen only
how is valvular related HF treated
Surgery ideally
how is fast AF treated
Digoxin or DC shock
what are side effects of ACEi
Angioneurotic oedema
First dose hypotension esp. if serum Na low
Renal Impairment – UE must be monitored after AECI begun
Dry cough
what do beta blockers do in HF
useful in the long term
can worsen CCF in short term
Start a low dose and increase slowly
what are the initial risks of beta blockers
hypotension
worsening dysponoea
what are side effects of spironolactone
hyperkalaemia
renal dysfunction
gynaecomastia
what is the action of ivabradine
slows HR
when is ivabradine used in HF
when HR is fast despite Beta blockers
when is cardiac resynch therapy used
for prolonged QRS
what are side effects of digoxin
Nausea, vomiting
Bradycardia, Heart Block
Any arrhythmia e.g. ventricular tachycardia
