Hypertension Flashcards
Positive Effects of lowering BP
Great reduction in risk of having a STROKE
Stages of Hypertension
Pre-Hypertensive: 121-139mmHg
Stage 1: 140-159mmHg
Stage 2: >/=160mmHg
BP Equation
MAP-CVP=COxTPR
Renal Set Point
Altered in cases of chronic hypertension; usually causes increased excretion of Na+ in cases of increased BP or CO
Renovascualar Hypertension
Detected by an arteriogram
Conn’s Syndrome
Hyperaldosteronism
- Renin levels are suppressed; severe hypokalemia
- Confirmed diagnosis w/ nonstimulatable renin levels and nonsupressible aldosterone levels
Pheochromocytoma
Increased production of catecholamines in the adrenals; natiuresis is ineffective at reducing the hypertension
*Diagnosis made by measuring urinary catecholamine/metabolite concentrations
Causes of Hypertension
*Primary (90%)
Secondary: CRF
Renovascular
Pheochromocytoma
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Malignant Hypertension
A medical emergency characterized by evidence of acute vascular inflammation; normally found on a fundoscope exam
*
Evaluation criteria for Secondary Hypertension
- Early development
- NO Family history
- Severe/difficult to control
Fibromuscular Dypslasia
A type of renovascular hypertension seen in young, white women; responds well to treatment
Evaluation for Hyperaldosteronism
- Usual clue= Hypokalemia
- especially w/ injection of ACE inhibitors
-Use diuretics to stimulate renin production and aldosterone supression
Uncomplicated hypertension treatment
Diuretics, Beta-blockers
Diabetes treatment
ACE inhibitors
MI treatment
Beta-blockers